Abstract
The effect of stress combinations on plants cannot be extrapolated from the response to each of the applied stressors. Greenhouse experiments were carried out on soil to which copper ions were introduced at four concentrations (0, 150, 400, and 600 mg kg−1). Copper treatments without or with Fusarium infection were established. Both stress factors, applied separately or together inhibited growth with the exception of the lowest Cu concentration, which stimulated growth of healthy plants. Depending on concentration, Cu did not change or increased the activity of root peroxidase and leaf catalase, and decreased ascorbate peroxidase (APO) activity in leaves and roots. Infection increased the activities of the enzymes with exception of root APO. The simultaneous presence of these two stress factors modified their individual effects. Generally, the stress combination aggravated the plant status though an opposite trend was observed in some cases.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Copper stress inhibited wheat growth except at the lowest concentration.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Cue0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- exception of the lowest Cu concentratione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both stress factors, applied separately or together inhibited growth with the exception of the lowest Cu concentration”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium infection inhibited wheat growth.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Fusarium infectione1
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
FusariumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both stress factors, applied separately or together inhibited growth”
e1“Copper treatments without or with Fusarium infection were established”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined copper and infection inhibited wheat growth.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Both stress factorse0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both stress factors, applied separately or together inhibited growth”
e1“Copper treatments without or with Fusarium infection were established”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The lowest copper concentration stimulated growth of healthy wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- lowest Cu concentratione0
- Outcome
- growth of healthy plantse0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lowest Cu concentration, which stimulated growth of healthy plants”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper did not change root peroxidase activity at some concentrations.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cue0
- Outcome
- activity of root peroxidasee0
- Direction
- did not changee0
- Qualifier
- Depending on concentratione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Depending on concentration, Cu did not change or increased the activity of root peroxidase and leaf catalase”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper increased root peroxidase activity at some concentrations.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cue0
- Outcome
- activity of root peroxidasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- Depending on concentratione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Depending on concentration, Cu did not change or increased the activity of root peroxidase and leaf catalase”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper did not change leaf catalase activity at some concentrations.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cue0
- Outcome
- leaf catalasee0
- Direction
- did not changee0
- Qualifier
- Depending on concentratione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Depending on concentration, Cu did not change or increased the activity of root peroxidase and leaf catalase”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper increased leaf catalase activity at some concentrations.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cue0
- Outcome
- leaf catalasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- Depending on concentratione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Depending on concentration, Cu did not change or increased the activity of root peroxidase and leaf catalase”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper decreased leaf ascorbate peroxidase activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cue1
- Gene
- ascorbate peroxidase (APO)e0
- Outcome
- ascorbate peroxidase (APO) activity in leavese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased ascorbate peroxidase (APO) activity in leaves and roots”
e1“Cu did not change or increased”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper decreased root ascorbate peroxidase activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cue1
- Gene
- ascorbate peroxidase (APO)e0
- Outcome
- ascorbate peroxidase (APO) activity in leaves and rootse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased ascorbate peroxidase (APO) activity in leaves and roots”
e1“Cu did not change or increased”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Infection increased enzyme activities except root APO.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Infectione0
- Outcome
- activities of the enzymese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- exception of root APOe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Infection increased the activities of the enzymes with exception of root APO”
e1“Fusarium infection”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined copper and infection generally worsened wheat status, with some opposite cases.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- stress combinatione0
- Outcome
- plant statuse0
- Direction
- aggravatede0
- Qualifier
- opposite trend was observed in some casese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Generally, the stress combination aggravated the plant status though an opposite trend was observed in some cases”
e1“Fusarium infection”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
The same questions in other papers
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- negative
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See all 61 papers →Fusarium · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
8 papers in the same direction as this paper
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- negative
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See all 9 papers →infection · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
45 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction
- positive
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See all 59 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.