Abstract
Stagonospora blotch of wheat has been difficult to control in the eastern United States. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effects of field inoculum, seedborne inoculum, and seed treatment and foliar fungicides on Stagonospora blotch development and to develop more effective management strategies. In 1995 and 1996, similar experiments were established in "infested" and "clean" fields using two seed lots of Coker 9543 ("low" and "high" levels of seed infection) and six seed or foliar fungicide treatments. Planting in clean fields, planting seed with a low level of seedborne inoculum, treating seed with difenoconazole or triadimenol + thiram, and applying propiconazole or tebuconazole to the foliage all contributed toward reducing leaf infections by Stagonospora nodorum, severity of leaf and glume blotch, and incidence of S. nodorum in the harvested seed. Propiconazole alone was the least effective treatment. Planting in an infested field tended to negate the beneficial effects of low level of seed infection and fungicide seed treatments. Crop rotations and tillage that allow wheat debris to decompose before the next wheat crop along with difenoconazole or triadimenol seed treatment to reduce seedborne inoculum should be sufficient to avoid serious losses. In fields where wheat is grown every year, tillage and seed treatment would still be helpful, but a foliar fungicide at GS 8 may be necessary for adequate control. Applying an effective fungicide to seed appears to be a more efficient means of reducing seedborne inoculum than does producing seed with low levels of inoculum.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Planting in clean fields reduced leaf infections by Stagonospora nodorum, leaf and glume blotch severity and seedborne incidence in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Planting in clean fieldse2
- Interactor
- Stagonospora nodorum
Parastagonospora nodorume2pathogen - Outcome
- leaf infectionse2
- Direction
- reducinge2
- Qualifier
- severity of leaf and glume blotch, and incidence of S. nodorum in the harvested seede2
- Comparator
- infestede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stagonospora blotch of wheat has been difficult to control in the eastern United States”
e3“similar experiments were established in "infested" and "clean" fields”
e2“Planting in clean fields, planting seed with a low level of seedborne inoculum, treating seed with difenoconazole or triadimenol + thiram, and applying propiconazole or tebuconazole to the foliage all contributed toward reducing leaf infections by Stagonospora nodorum, severity of leaf and glume blotch, and incidence of S. nodorum in the harvested seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Planting seed with a low level of seedborne inoculum reduced leaf infections by Stagonospora nodorum in wheat relative to high seed infection.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- planting seed with a low level of seedborne inoculume2
- Interactor
- Stagonospora nodorumParastagonospora nodorume2pathogen
- Outcome
- leaf infectionse2
- Direction
- reducinge2
- Qualifier
- severity of leaf and glume blotch, and incidence of S. nodorum in the harvested seede2
- Comparator
- highe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stagonospora blotch of wheat has been difficult to control in the eastern United States”
e4“"low" and "high" levels of seed infection”
e2“Planting in clean fields, planting seed with a low level of seedborne inoculum, treating seed with difenoconazole or triadimenol + thiram, and applying propiconazole or tebuconazole to the foliage all contributed toward reducing leaf infections by Stagonospora nodorum, severity of leaf and glume blotch, and incidence of S. nodorum in the harvested seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Difenoconazole seed treatment reduced leaf infections by Stagonospora nodorum in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- difenoconazolee2
- Interactor
- Stagonospora nodorumParastagonospora nodorume2pathogen
- Outcome
- leaf infectionse2
- Direction
- reducinge2
- Qualifier
- severity of leaf and glume blotch, and incidence of S. nodorum in the harvested seede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stagonospora blotch of wheat has been difficult to control in the eastern United States”
e2“Planting in clean fields, planting seed with a low level of seedborne inoculum, treating seed with difenoconazole or triadimenol + thiram, and applying propiconazole or tebuconazole to the foliage all contributed toward reducing leaf infections by Stagonospora nodorum, severity of leaf and glume blotch, and incidence of S. nodorum in the harvested seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Triadimenol + thiram seed treatment reduced leaf infections by Stagonospora nodorum in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- triadimenol + thirame2
- Interactor
- Stagonospora nodorumParastagonospora nodorume2pathogen
- Outcome
- leaf infectionse2
- Direction
- reducinge2
- Qualifier
- severity of leaf and glume blotch, and incidence of S. nodorum in the harvested seede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stagonospora blotch of wheat has been difficult to control in the eastern United States”
e2“Planting in clean fields, planting seed with a low level of seedborne inoculum, treating seed with difenoconazole or triadimenol + thiram, and applying propiconazole or tebuconazole to the foliage all contributed toward reducing leaf infections by Stagonospora nodorum, severity of leaf and glume blotch, and incidence of S. nodorum in the harvested seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar propiconazole reduced leaf infections by Stagonospora nodorum in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- propiconazolee2
- Interactor
- Stagonospora nodorumParastagonospora nodorume2pathogen
- Outcome
- leaf infectionse2
- Direction
- reducinge2
- Qualifier
- severity of leaf and glume blotch, and incidence of S. nodorum in the harvested seede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stagonospora blotch of wheat has been difficult to control in the eastern United States”
e2“Planting in clean fields, planting seed with a low level of seedborne inoculum, treating seed with difenoconazole or triadimenol + thiram, and applying propiconazole or tebuconazole to the foliage all contributed toward reducing leaf infections by Stagonospora nodorum, severity of leaf and glume blotch, and incidence of S. nodorum in the harvested seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar tebuconazole reduced leaf infections by Stagonospora nodorum in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- tebuconazolee2
- Interactor
- Stagonospora nodorumParastagonospora nodorume2pathogen
- Outcome
- leaf infectionse2
- Direction
- reducinge2
- Qualifier
- severity of leaf and glume blotch, and incidence of S. nodorum in the harvested seede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stagonospora blotch of wheat has been difficult to control in the eastern United States”
e2“Planting in clean fields, planting seed with a low level of seedborne inoculum, treating seed with difenoconazole or triadimenol + thiram, and applying propiconazole or tebuconazole to the foliage all contributed toward reducing leaf infections by Stagonospora nodorum, severity of leaf and glume blotch, and incidence of S. nodorum in the harvested seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Propiconazole alone was the least effective treatment against Stagonospora blotch in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Propiconazole alonee5
- Outcome
- least effective treatmente5
- Direction
- least effectivee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stagonospora blotch of wheat has been difficult to control in the eastern United States”
e5“Propiconazole alone was the least effective treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Planting in an infested field tended to negate the beneficial effects of low seed infection and fungicide seed treatments on wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Planting in an infested fielde6
- Outcome
- beneficial effects of low level of seed infection and fungicide seed treatmentse6
- Direction
- negatee6
- Comparator
- cleane3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stagonospora blotch of wheat has been difficult to control in the eastern United States”
e3“similar experiments were established in "infested" and "clean" fields”
e6“Planting in an infested field tended to negate the beneficial effects of low level of seed infection and fungicide seed treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop rotation and tillage with difenoconazole or triadimenol seed treatment should be sufficient to avoid serious losses in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Treatment
- Crop rotations and tillagee7
- Outcome
- avoid serious lossese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stagonospora blotch of wheat has been difficult to control in the eastern United States”
e7“Crop rotations and tillage that allow wheat debris to decompose before the next wheat crop along with difenoconazole or triadimenol seed treatment to reduce seedborne inoculum should be sufficient to avoid serious losses”
Claim · model-written summary
In wheat grown every year, tillage and seed treatment would still be helpful.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- tillage and seed treatmente1
- Outcome
- helpfule1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In fields where wheat is grown every year, tillage and seed treatment would still be helpful, but a foliar fungicide at GS 8 may be necessary for adequate control”
Claim · model-written summary
In wheat grown every year, a foliar fungicide at GS 8 may be necessary for adequate control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- foliar fungicide at GS 8e1
- Outcome
- adequate controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In fields where wheat is grown every year, tillage and seed treatment would still be helpful, but a foliar fungicide at GS 8 may be necessary for adequate control”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying an effective fungicide to seed appears to be a more efficient means of reducing seedborne inoculum than producing seed with low inoculum levels.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Applying an effective fungicide to seede1
- Outcome
- reducing seedborne inoculume1
- Direction
- more efficiente1
- Comparator
- producing seed with low levels of inoculume1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stagonospora blotch of wheat has been difficult to control in the eastern United States”
e1“Applying an effective fungicide to seed appears to be a more efficient means of reducing seedborne inoculum than does producing seed with low levels of inoculum”
The same questions in other papers
difenoconazole · Parastagonospora nodorum · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
propiconazole · Parastagonospora nodorum · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
inoculation · Parastagonospora nodorum · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →infection · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
24 papers more in this group
See all 28 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.