Paper · 1981 · Journal of Environmental Quality

The Effect of Cadmium on Nodulation and N2(C2H2)‐Fixation by Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

G. T. Vigue; I. L. Pepper; D. F. Bezdicek

18
claims
39
verbatim quotes
18
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Abstract Experiments were conducted to determine the toxicity of Cd on the nodulation, N 2 (C 2 H 2 )‐fixation, and growth of dry beans. Plants were grown in the greenhouse with hydroponic solutions to which 0–500 µ m Cd/liter had been added. The total N content of shoots, nodule weight, nodule number, and N 2 (C 2 H 2 )‐fixation were significantly decreased at 10 µ m Cd/liter. Nodulation was completely inhibited at 500 µ m Cd/liter. Nodulation and the N 2 (C 2 H 2 )‐fixation rate were negatively correlated with solution Cd concentration ( r = −0.97). Cadmium uptake and translocation were slow; therefore, Cd levels were highest in the roots, much lower in the nodules, and lowest in the shoot tissue. For example, at 20 µ m Cd/liter, respective tissue Cd levels averaged 431, 80, and 35 µ g Cd/g, on a dry weight basis. Cadmium levels in roots or shoots from comparable Cd treatments were essentially the same whether the plants obtained their N by fixation or from nutrient solution NO 3 . Root Cd concentrations were exponentially correlated with nodule number, nodule weight, and acetylene reduction, with correlation coefficients of −0.99, −0.99, and −0.97, respectively. Shoot Cd concentrations were logarithmically correlated with nodule number, nodule weight, and acetylene reduction, with correlation coefficients of −0.89, −0.91, and −0.84, respectively.

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Claims 18

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Cadmium at 10 µ m Cd/liter significantly decreased total N content of shoots in dry beans.

Taxon
Dry Beanst0
Treatment
10 µ m Cd/litere0
Outcome
total N content of shootse0
Direction
decreasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“The total N content of shoots, nodule weight, nodule number, and N 2 (C 2 H 2 )‐fixation were significantly decreased at 10 µ m Cd/liter”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 243–379 · show in text ↑
t0

“Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 61–94 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Cadmium at 10 µ m Cd/liter significantly decreased nodule weight in dry beans.

Taxon
Dry Beanst0
Treatment
10 µ m Cd/litere0
Outcome
nodule weighte0
Direction
decreasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“The total N content of shoots, nodule weight, nodule number, and N 2 (C 2 H 2 )‐fixation were significantly decreased at 10 µ m Cd/liter”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 243–379 · show in text ↑
t0

“Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 61–94 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Cadmium at 10 µ m Cd/liter significantly decreased nodule number in dry beans.

Taxon
Dry Beanst0
Treatment
10 µ m Cd/litere0
Outcome
nodule numbere0
Direction
decreasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“The total N content of shoots, nodule weight, nodule number, and N 2 (C 2 H 2 )‐fixation were significantly decreased at 10 µ m Cd/liter”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 243–379 · show in text ↑
t0

“Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 61–94 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Cadmium at 10 µ m Cd/liter significantly decreased N 2 (C 2 H 2 )‐fixation in dry beans.

Taxon
Dry Beanst0
Treatment
10 µ m Cd/litere0
Outcome
N 2 (C 2 H 2 )‐fixatione0
Direction
decreasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“The total N content of shoots, nodule weight, nodule number, and N 2 (C 2 H 2 )‐fixation were significantly decreased at 10 µ m Cd/liter”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 243–379 · show in text ↑
t0

“Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 61–94 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Cadmium at 500 µ m Cd/liter completely inhibited nodulation.

Taxon
Dry Beanst0
Treatment
500 µ m Cd/litere0
Outcome
Nodulatione0
Direction
completely inhibitede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“Nodulation was completely inhibited at 500 µ m Cd/liter”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 381–436 · show in text ↑
t0

“Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 61–94 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Nodulation was negatively correlated with solution Cd concentration (r = −0.97).

Taxon
Dry Beanst0
Treatment
solution Cd concentratione0
Outcome
Nodulatione0
Direction
negatively correlatede0
Value
r = −0.97e0

Verbatim

e0

“Nodulation and the N 2 (C 2 H 2 )‐fixation rate were negatively correlated with solution Cd concentration ( r = −0.97)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 438–556 · show in text ↑
t0

“Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 61–94 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

N 2 (C 2 H 2 )‐fixation rate was negatively correlated with solution Cd concentration (r = −0.97).

Taxon
Dry Beanst0
Treatment
solution Cd concentratione0
Outcome
N 2 (C 2 H 2 )‐fixation ratee0
Direction
negatively correlatede0
Value
r = −0.97e0

Verbatim

e0

“Nodulation and the N 2 (C 2 H 2 )‐fixation rate were negatively correlated with solution Cd concentration ( r = −0.97)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 438–556 · show in text ↑
t0

“Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 61–94 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Cadmium uptake and translocation in dry beans were slow.

Taxon
Dry Beanst0
Outcome
Cadmium uptake and translocatione0

Verbatim

e0

“Cadmium uptake and translocation were slow”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 558–600 · show in text ↑
t0

“Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 61–94 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 20 µ m Cd/liter, roots Cd averaged 431.

Taxon
Dry Beanst0
Organ / stage
rootse1
Outcome
tissue Cd levelse0
Value
431e0
Qualifier
20 µ m Cd/litere0

Verbatim

e0

“at 20 µ m Cd/liter, respective tissue Cd levels averaged 431, 80, and 35 µ g Cd/g, on a dry weight basis”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 722–826 · show in text ↑
e1

“Cd levels were highest in the roots, much lower in the nodules, and lowest in the shoot tissue”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 613–707 · show in text ↑
t0

“Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 61–94 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 20 µ m Cd/liter, nodules Cd averaged 80.

Taxon
Dry Beanst0
Organ / stage
nodulese1
Outcome
tissue Cd levelse0
Value
80e0
Qualifier
20 µ m Cd/litere0

Verbatim

e0

“at 20 µ m Cd/liter, respective tissue Cd levels averaged 431, 80, and 35 µ g Cd/g, on a dry weight basis”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 722–826 · show in text ↑
e1

“Cd levels were highest in the roots, much lower in the nodules, and lowest in the shoot tissue”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 613–707 · show in text ↑
t0

“Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 61–94 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 20 µ m Cd/liter, shoot tissue Cd averaged 35 µ g Cd/g.

Taxon
Dry Beanst0
Organ / stage
shoot tissuee1
Outcome
tissue Cd levelse0
Value
35 µ g Cd/ge0
Qualifier
20 µ m Cd/litere0

Verbatim

e0

“at 20 µ m Cd/liter, respective tissue Cd levels averaged 431, 80, and 35 µ g Cd/g, on a dry weight basis”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 722–826 · show in text ↑
e1

“Cd levels were highest in the roots, much lower in the nodules, and lowest in the shoot tissue”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 613–707 · show in text ↑
t0

“Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 61–94 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Root and shoot Cd levels were essentially the same with fixed nitrogen and nutrient-solution nitrate.

Taxon
Dry Beanst0
Outcome
Cadmium levels in roots or shootse0
Direction
essentially the samee0
Comparator
nutrient solution NO 3e0

Verbatim

e0

“Cadmium levels in roots or shoots from comparable Cd treatments were essentially the same whether the plants obtained their N by fixation or from nutrient solution NO 3”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 828–996 · show in text ↑
t0

“Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 61–94 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Root Cd concentration was exponentially correlated with nodule number (r = −0.99).

Taxon
Dry Beanst0
Organ / stage
Roote0
Outcome
nodule numbere0
Direction
decreaseinferrede0
Value
−0.99e0

Verbatim

e0

“Root Cd concentrations were exponentially correlated with nodule number, nodule weight, and acetylene reduction, with correlation coefficients of −0.99, −0.99, and −0.97, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 999–1182 · show in text ↑
t0

“Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 61–94 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Root Cd concentration was exponentially correlated with nodule weight (r = −0.99).

Taxon
Dry Beanst0
Organ / stage
Roote0
Outcome
nodule weighte0
Direction
decreaseinferrede0
Value
−0.99e0

Verbatim

e0

“Root Cd concentrations were exponentially correlated with nodule number, nodule weight, and acetylene reduction, with correlation coefficients of −0.99, −0.99, and −0.97, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 999–1182 · show in text ↑
t0

“Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 61–94 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Root Cd concentration was exponentially correlated with acetylene reduction (r = −0.97).

Taxon
Dry Beanst0
Organ / stage
Roote0
Outcome
acetylene reductione0
Direction
decreaseinferrede0
Value
−0.97e0

Verbatim

e0

“Root Cd concentrations were exponentially correlated with nodule number, nodule weight, and acetylene reduction, with correlation coefficients of −0.99, −0.99, and −0.97, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 999–1182 · show in text ↑
t0

“Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 61–94 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Shoot Cd concentration was logarithmically correlated with nodule number (r = −0.89).

Taxon
Dry Beanst0
Organ / stage
Shoote0
Outcome
nodule numbere0
Direction
decreaseinferrede0
Value
−0.89e0

Verbatim

e0

“Shoot Cd concentrations were logarithmically correlated with nodule number, nodule weight, and acetylene reduction, with correlation coefficients of −0.89, −0.91, and −0.84, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1184–1370 · show in text ↑
t0

“Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 61–94 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Shoot Cd concentration was logarithmically correlated with nodule weight (r = −0.91).

Taxon
Dry Beanst0
Organ / stage
Shoote0
Outcome
nodule weighte0
Direction
decreaseinferrede0
Value
−0.91e0

Verbatim

e0

“Shoot Cd concentrations were logarithmically correlated with nodule number, nodule weight, and acetylene reduction, with correlation coefficients of −0.89, −0.91, and −0.84, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1184–1370 · show in text ↑
t0

“Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 61–94 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Shoot Cd concentration was logarithmically correlated with acetylene reduction (r = −0.84).

Taxon
Dry Beanst0
Organ / stage
Shoote0
Outcome
acetylene reductione0
Direction
decreaseinferrede0
Value
−0.84e0

Verbatim

e0

“Shoot Cd concentrations were logarithmically correlated with nodule number, nodule weight, and acetylene reduction, with correlation coefficients of −0.89, −0.91, and −0.84, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1184–1370 · show in text ↑
t0

“Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 61–94 · show in text ↑

cadmium atom · symbiosis · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results

2 papers: 1 positive, 1 negative or no effect

1 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
See all 2 papers →

cadmium atom · nutrient: content · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results

11 papers: 1 positive, 10 negative or no effect

9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. negative
  3. negative

7 papers more in this group

See all 11 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.