Abstract
Helminthosporium carbonum, a corn pathogen, and Stemphylium botryosum, an alfalfa pathogen, are both nonpathogenic on red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), while S. sarcinaeforme is a foliar pathogen on red clover. In clover leaves challenged with H. carbonum, medicarpin and maackiain were the only inhibitory compounds found in diffusates or in leaf tissue in a concentration sufficient to account for the inhibition of this fungus. Helminthosporium carbonum was inhibited by and could not degrade medicaipin and (or) maackiain in vitro. Both S. botryosum and S. sarcinaeforme were only slightly inhibited by these compounds in mycelial growth bioassays, and both fungi degraded medicarpin and (or) maackiain in vitro and some evidence was obtained that degradation occurred in vivo. In contrast with the relatively high amounts of medicarpin and maackiain that accumulated in leaves challenged with H. carbonum, relatively low amounts accumulated in leaves challenged with either S. botryosum or S. sarcinaeforme. The evidence suggests that the resistance of clover to H. carbonum can be accounted for by these phytoalexins; however, differences in relation to accumulation of, inhibition by, and breakdown of medicarpin and (or) maackiain were not enough to explain the difference in pathogenicity of S. botryosum and S. sarcinaeforme on red clover.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
H. carbonum and S. botryosum were nonpathogenic on red clover.
- Taxon
- red clover
Trifolium pratensee0 - Interactor
- Helminthosporium carbonum
Bipolaris zeicolae0pathogen - Outcome
- nonpathogenice0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Helminthosporium carbonum, a corn pathogen, and Stemphylium botryosum, an alfalfa pathogen, are both nonpathogenic on red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
S. sarcinaeforme was a foliar pathogen on red clover.
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratensee0
- Interactor
- S. sarcinaeforme
Stemphylium sarciniformee0pathogen - Outcome
- foliar pathogene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. sarcinaeforme is a foliar pathogen on red clover”
Claim · model-written summary
Medicarpin and maackiain in challenged clover leaves were sufficient to explain inhibition of H. carbonum.
- Interactor
- H. carbonumBipolaris zeicolae0pathogen
- Compound
- medicarpin and maackiaine0
- Outcome
- inhibition of this funguse0
TrifoliumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In clover leaves challenged with H. carbonum, medicarpin and maackiain were the only inhibitory compounds found in diffusates or in leaf tissue in a concentration sufficient to account for the inhibition of this fungus”
Claim · model-written summary
H. carbonum was inhibited by medicarpin and maackiain in vitro.
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Interactor
- Helminthosporium carbonumBipolaris zeicolae0pathogen
- Compound
- medicaipin and (or) maackiaine0
- Outcome
- Helminthosporium carbonum was inhibitede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Helminthosporium carbonum was inhibited by and could not degrade medicaipin and (or) maackiain in vitro”
t0“red clover”
Claim · model-written summary
H. carbonum could not degrade medicarpin or maackiain in vitro.
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Interactor
- Helminthosporium carbonumBipolaris zeicolae0pathogen
- Outcome
- could not degrade medicaipin and (or) maackiaine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Helminthosporium carbonum was inhibited by and could not degrade medicaipin and (or) maackiain in vitro”
t0“red clover”
Claim · model-written summary
S. botryosum was only slightly inhibited by these compounds in mycelial bioassays.
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Interactor
- S. botryosum
Stemphylium botryosume0pathogen - Outcome
- S. botryosume0
- Direction
- slightly inhibitede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both S. botryosum and S. sarcinaeforme were only slightly inhibited by these compounds in mycelial growth bioassays”
t0“red clover”
Claim · model-written summary
S. sarcinaeforme was only slightly inhibited by these compounds in mycelial bioassays.
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Interactor
- S. sarcinaeformeStemphylium sarciniformee0pathogen
- Outcome
- S. sarcinaeformee0
- Direction
- slightly inhibitede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both S. botryosum and S. sarcinaeforme were only slightly inhibited by these compounds in mycelial growth bioassays”
t0“red clover”
Claim · model-written summary
S. botryosum and S. sarcinaeforme degraded medicarpin or maackiain in vitro, with some evidence for degradation in vivo.
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Outcome
- degraded medicarpin and (or) maackiaine0
- Qualifier
- some evidence was obtained that degradation occurred in vivoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both fungi degraded medicarpin and (or) maackiain in vitro and some evidence was obtained that degradation occurred in vivo”
t0“red clover”
Claim · model-written summary
Medicarpin and maackiain accumulated to relatively high amounts after H. carbonum challenge compared with the Stemphylium challenges.
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratenset0
- Treatment
- challenged with H. carbonume0
- Interactor
- H. carbonumBipolaris zeicolae0pathogen
- Outcome
- amounts of medicarpin and maackiaine0
- Direction
- relatively highe0
- Comparator
- challenged with either S. botryosum or S. sarcinaeformee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“relatively high amounts of medicarpin and maackiain that accumulated in leaves challenged with H. carbonum, relatively low amounts accumulated in leaves challenged with either S. botryosum or S. sarcinaeforme”
t0“red clover”
Claim · model-written summary
The phytoalexins were suggested to account for clover resistance to H. carbonum.
- Interactor
- H. carbonumBipolaris zeicolae0pathogen
- Outcome
- resistance of clover to H. carbonume0
- Qualifier
- these phytoalexinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The evidence suggests that the resistance of clover to H. carbonum can be accounted for by these phytoalexins”
Claim · model-written summary
Differences in accumulation, inhibition and breakdown did not explain pathogenicity differences between the two Stemphylium species.
- Taxon
- red cloverTrifolium pratensee0
- Outcome
- difference in pathogenicity of S. botryosum and S. sarcinaeformee0
- Qualifier
- differences in relation to accumulation of, inhibition by, and breakdown of medicarpin and (or) maackiaine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“differences in relation to accumulation of, inhibition by, and breakdown of medicarpin and (or) maackiain were not enough to explain the difference in pathogenicity of S. botryosum and S. sarcinaeforme on red clover”
The same questions in other papers
infection · molecular: metabolites · Trifolium pratense (red clover)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.