Abstract
Improving nitrogen (N)-use efficiency of applied urea is critical to maximise its uptake and decrease environmental impact. Two glasshouse-based studies were conducted to investigate the potential of incorporating urea fertiliser with urease inhibitor (N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) or ‘Agrotain’) to enhance fertiliser N uptake efficiency. Topsoil (0–0.075 m, Typic Haplustepts silt loam) from a pasture site near Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand, was collected and ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) was grown from seed in standard plant trays maintained at soil moisture contents of 75–80% field capacity. Urea, Agrotain-treated urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, or sodium nitrate, were applied in granular form at rates equivalent to 25 or 50 kg N/ha with 4 replicates. Herbage was harvested 21 and 42 days after application of treatments to assess dry matter (DM) production, N uptake, leaf amino acid, ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3–) concentrations, and nitrate reductase activity (NRA). In a separate pot experiment, granular 15N urea (10 atom%) with or without Agrotain was applied to ryegrass at 25 kg N/ha. At 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, and 21 days after treatment application, 3 pots per treatment were destructively sampled to determine urea hydrolysis, herbage DM, and 15N uptake. In both experiments, Agrotain-treated urea improved bio-availability of added N and resulted in significantly higher herbage DM yield and N uptake than urea alone or other forms of N fertilisers. Agrotain-treated urea applied at 25 kg N/ha increased N response by 66% compared with urea alone (and by greater proportions compared with the other fertiliser forms). Agrotain-treated urea applied at 25 kg N/ha produced significantly higher uptake efficiency (13 g DM/g of applied N) than at 50 kg N/ha (5 g DM/g of applied N). Tissue amino acids, NH4+ and NO3– contents, and NRA were not significantly influenced by any type of fertiliser. Results from the 15N experiment support the suggestion that a delay in urea hydrolysis by Agrotain provided an opportunity for direct plant uptake of an increased proportion of the applied urea-N than in the case of urea alone. Treating urea with Agrotain thus has the potential to increase N-use efficiency and herbage production.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Agrotain-treated urea improved bio-availability of added N.
- Treatment
- Agrotain-treated ureae0
- Outcome
- bio-availability of added Ne0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- urea alone or other forms of N fertiliserse0
LoliumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both experiments, Agrotain-treated urea improved bio-availability of added N and resulted in significantly higher herbage DM yield and N uptake than urea alone or other forms of N fertilisers.”
t0“ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Agrotain-treated urea produced significantly higher herbage DM yield and nitrogen uptake than other fertilizers.
- Treatment
- Agrotain-treated ureae0
- Outcome
- herbage DM yield and N uptakee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- urea alone or other forms of N fertiliserse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both experiments, Agrotain-treated urea improved bio-availability of added N and resulted in significantly higher herbage DM yield and N uptake than urea alone or other forms of N fertilisers.”
t0“ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 25 kg N/ha, Agrotain-treated urea increased N response by 66% versus urea alone.
- Treatment
- Agrotain-treated urea applied at 25 kg N/hae0
- Outcome
- N responsee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 66%e0
- Comparator
- urea alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Agrotain-treated urea applied at 25 kg N/ha increased N response by 66% compared with urea alone (and by greater proportions compared with the other fertiliser forms).”
t0“ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Agrotain-treated urea had greater N response than other fertilizer forms.
- Treatment
- Agrotain-treated urea applied at 25 kg N/hae0
- Outcome
- N responsee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- other fertiliser formse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Agrotain-treated urea applied at 25 kg N/ha increased N response by 66% compared with urea alone (and by greater proportions compared with the other fertiliser forms).”
t0“ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 25 kg N/ha, uptake efficiency was 13 g DM/g of applied N and exceeded the 50 kg N/ha rate.
- Treatment
- Agrotain-treated urea applied at 25 kg N/hae0
- Outcome
- uptake efficiencye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 13 g DM/g of applied Ne0
- Qualifier
- 5 g DM/g of applied Ne0
- Comparator
- 50 kg N/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Agrotain-treated urea applied at 25 kg N/ha produced significantly higher uptake efficiency (13 g DM/g of applied N) than at 50 kg N/ha (5 g DM/g of applied N).”
t0“ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer type did not significantly influence tissue amino acids, NH4+ or NO3– contents.
- Treatment
- any type of fertilisere0
- Outcome
- Tissue amino acids, NH4+ and NO3– contentse0
- Direction
- not significantly influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tissue amino acids, NH4+ and NO3– contents, and NRA were not significantly influenced by any type of fertiliser.”
t0“ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer type did not significantly influence nitrate reductase activity.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tissue amino acids, NH4+ and NO3– contents, and NRA were not significantly influenced by any type of fertiliser.”
t0“ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 15N experiment supported delayed urea hydrolysis and greater direct uptake of applied urea-N with Agrotain.
- Treatment
- Agrotaine0
- Outcome
- direct plant uptake of an increased proportion of the applied urea-Ne0
- Qualifier
- delay in urea hydrolysise0
- Comparator
- urea alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results from the 15N experiment support the suggestion that a delay in urea hydrolysis by Agrotain provided an opportunity for direct plant uptake of an increased proportion of the applied urea-N than in the case of urea alone.”
t0“ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)”
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