Abstract
Mycotoxin production (deoxynivalenol (DON), acetyl deoxynivalenol (A DON) and zearalenone) by Fusarium culmorum inoculated on to maize (heat sterilized, irradiation sterilized and non-sterile) and irradiated to 1 kGy or 3 kGy, or unirradiated, was investigated over a period of time. Lowest mycotoxin production was observed on non-sterile maize which may be due to the presence of a competitive microflora on non-sterile maize which may be due to the presence of a competitive microflora on non-sterile maize. In general, mycotoxin production was higher on heat-sterilized grain as compared to irradiation-sterilized maize. It was suggested that this pattern of mycotoxin production was possibly caused by changes in the grain brought about by autoclaving, which favoured mycotoxin production and possibly induced changes in irradiation-sterilized maize which inhibited mycotoxin production. On sterile maize, there was no significant difference in DON production by unirradiated, 1 kGy and 3 kGy irradiated cultures up to 56 d of incubation; between days 56 and 77 of incubation, DON production increased rapidly with largest increases occurring in irradiated (1 kGy and 3 kGy) cultures. On non-sterile grain, neither DON nor A DON were detected in unirradiated cultures of F. culmorum but were detected in cultures irradiated to 1 kGy and 3 kGy. In practice grain should be stored under conditions of temperature and moisture content which prevent fungal growth. However, in this study, the grain was stored under conditions that were approaching ideal for growth of the test organism. The results highlight that irradiation disinfestation of grain must be combined with good grain handling practices so that excessive mycotoxin production can be prevented during storage.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Mycotoxin production was lowest on non-sterile maize.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Lowest mycotoxin production was observed on non-sterile maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycotoxin production was higher on heat-sterilized grain than on irradiation-sterilized maize.
- Treatment
- heat-sterilized graine1
- Outcome
- mycotoxin productione1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- irradiation-sterilized maizee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In general, mycotoxin production was higher on heat-sterilized grain as compared to irradiation-sterilized maize”
Claim · model-written summary
On sterile maize, DON production did not differ significantly between unirradiated and 1 kGy or 3 kGy irradiated cultures up to 56 days.
- Treatment
- 1 kGy and 3 kGye1
- Outcome
- DON productione1
- Direction
- no significant differencee1
- Qualifier
- up to 56 d of incubatione1
- Comparator
- unirradiatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“On sterile maize, there was no significant difference in DON production by unirradiated, 1 kGy and 3 kGy irradiated cultures up to 56 d of incubation; between days 56 and 77 of incubation, DON production increased rapidly with largest increases occurring in irradiated (1 kGy and 3 kGy) cultures”
Claim · model-written summary
Between days 56 and 77, DON production increased rapidly, with the largest increases in 1 kGy and 3 kGy irradiated cultures on sterile maize.
- Treatment
- 1 kGy and 3 kGye1
- Outcome
- DON productione1
- Direction
- increased rapidlye1
- Qualifier
- between days 56 and 77 of incubatione1
- Comparator
- unirradiatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“On sterile maize, there was no significant difference in DON production by unirradiated, 1 kGy and 3 kGy irradiated cultures up to 56 d of incubation; between days 56 and 77 of incubation, DON production increased rapidly with largest increases occurring in irradiated (1 kGy and 3 kGy) cultures”
Claim · model-written summary
On non-sterile grain, DON and A DON were not detected in unirradiated F. culmorum cultures but were detected after 1 kGy and 3 kGy irradiation.
- Treatment
- 1 kGy and 3 kGye1
- Interactor
- F. culmorum
.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium culmorume1pathogen - Outcome
- DON nor A DON were detectede1
- Comparator
- unirradiated culturese1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“On non-sterile grain, neither DON nor A DON were detected in unirradiated cultures of F. culmorum but were detected in cultures irradiated to 1 kGy and 3 kGy”
e2“Lowest mycotoxin production was observed on non-sterile maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Irradiation disinfestation of grain must be combined with good grain handling practices to prevent excessive mycotoxin production during storage.
- Outcome
- irradiation disinfestation of grain must be combined with good grain handling practicese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The results highlight that irradiation disinfestation of grain must be combined with good grain handling practices so that excessive mycotoxin production can be prevented during storage”
e2“Lowest mycotoxin production was observed on non-sterile maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Lowest mycotoxin production on non-sterile maize may be due to a competitive microflora.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Lowest mycotoxin production was observed on non-sterile maize which may be due to the presence of a competitive microflora”
The same questions in other papers
heat · disease · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
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See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.