Abstract
This work evaluated the effect of cadmium (Cd) on the physiological responses of corn (Zea Mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to iron (Fe) deficiency. For this purpose, seedlings of corn and wheat were cultivated under controlled conditions, plants were grown in different strength Hoagland's solutions for one month. In the fifth week, some seedlings were still in full strength Hoagland's solution (+Fe) and others were in full strength Hoagland's solutions without iron (−Fe). The plants were exposed to different cadmium (Cd) concentrations for four days. The plant chlorophyll content of young leaves, Fe and Cd content in shoots and roots, biomass production, and phytosiderophores (PS) release by roots were assessed. Results showed that Cd decreased the chlorophyll content of young leaves, accompanied by a significant shoot and root biomass reduction for Fe-deficient and Fe-sufficient wheat and corn across all Cd treatments. However, chlorophyll content and shoot and root biomass of Fe-deficient wheat and corn were lower than Fe-sufficient plants at different Cd concentrations. Iron-deficiency induced Cd accumulation compared to Fe-sufficient in wheat and corn; however, a depressive effect of Cd on iron acquisition in shoots and roots of Fe-deficient and Fe-sufficient wheat and corn across all Cd treatments was observed. Cadmium also inhibited PS release in Fe-deficient and Fe-sufficient wheat and corn. Iron-deficient PS release was higher than Fe-sufficient corn and wheat across all Cd treatments. These results suggested that Cd might reduce capacity of plants to acquire iron from solution by inhibiting PS release.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium decreased young-leaf chlorophyll in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content of young leavese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd decreased the chlorophyll content of young leaves, accompanied by a significant shoot and root biomass reduction for Fe-deficient and Fe-sufficient wheat and corn across all Cd treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium decreased young-leaf chlorophyll in corn.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content of young leavese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd decreased the chlorophyll content of young leaves, accompanied by a significant shoot and root biomass reduction for Fe-deficient and Fe-sufficient wheat and corn across all Cd treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium significantly reduced shoot and root biomass in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Cd treatmentse0
- Outcome
- shoot and root biomasse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant shoot and root biomass reduction for Fe-deficient and Fe-sufficient wheat and corn across all Cd treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium significantly reduced shoot and root biomass in corn.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Cd treatmentse0
- Outcome
- shoot and root biomasse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant shoot and root biomass reduction for Fe-deficient and Fe-sufficient wheat and corn across all Cd treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron-deficient wheat had lower chlorophyll and biomass than iron-sufficient wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Fe-deficiente0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content and shoot and root biomasse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- Fe-sufficient plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorophyll content and shoot and root biomass of Fe-deficient wheat and corn were lower than Fe-sufficient plants at different Cd concentrations.”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron-deficient corn had lower chlorophyll and biomass than iron-sufficient corn.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Fe-deficiente0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content and shoot and root biomasse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- Fe-sufficient plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorophyll content and shoot and root biomass of Fe-deficient wheat and corn were lower than Fe-sufficient plants at different Cd concentrations.”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron deficiency increased Cd accumulation in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Iron-deficiencye0
- Outcome
- Cd accumulatione0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Comparator
- Fe-sufficiente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron-deficiency induced Cd accumulation compared to Fe-sufficient in wheat and corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron deficiency increased Cd accumulation in corn.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Iron-deficiencye0
- Outcome
- Cd accumulatione0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Comparator
- Fe-sufficiente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron-deficiency induced Cd accumulation compared to Fe-sufficient in wheat and corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium depressed iron acquisition in wheat shoots and roots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- iron acquisition in shoots and rootse0
- Direction
- depressivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a depressive effect of Cd on iron acquisition in shoots and roots of Fe-deficient and Fe-sufficient wheat and corn across all Cd treatments was observed.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium depressed iron acquisition in corn shoots and roots.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- iron acquisition in shoots and rootse0
- Direction
- depressivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a depressive effect of Cd on iron acquisition in shoots and roots of Fe-deficient and Fe-sufficient wheat and corn across all Cd treatments was observed.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium inhibited phytosiderophore release in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Cadmiume0
- Outcome
- PS releasee0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium also inhibited PS release in Fe-deficient and Fe-sufficient wheat and corn.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium inhibited phytosiderophore release in corn.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Cadmiume0
- Outcome
- PS releasee0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium also inhibited PS release in Fe-deficient and Fe-sufficient wheat and corn.”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron-deficient wheat released more phytosiderophores than iron-sufficient wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Iron-deficiente0
- Outcome
- PS releasee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Fe-sufficiente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron-deficient PS release was higher than Fe-sufficient corn and wheat across all Cd treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron-deficient corn released more phytosiderophores than iron-sufficient corn.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Iron-deficiente0
- Outcome
- PS releasee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Fe-sufficiente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron-deficient PS release was higher than Fe-sufficient corn and wheat across all Cd treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest cadmium may impair iron acquisition by inhibiting phytosiderophore release.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- capacity of plants to acquire iron from solutione0
- Qualifier
- by inhibiting PS releasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd might reduce capacity of plants to acquire iron from solution by inhibiting PS release.”
t0“WHEAT AND CORN”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest cadmium may impair corn iron acquisition by inhibiting phytosiderophore release.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- capacity of plants to acquire iron from solutione0
- Qualifier
- by inhibiting PS releasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd might reduce capacity of plants to acquire iron from solution by inhibiting PS release.”
t0“WHEAT AND CORN”
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