Abstract
Tillage plays a key role in cropping system sustainability due to its impact on soil properties, crop yields, economic returns, labor, and energy requirements. The objective of our research was to compare the effects of no‐tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) on durum wheat ( Triticum durum Desf.) and soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] productivity in a long‐term, 2‐yr rotation field experiment initiated in 1986 under a Mediterranean climate. The 16‐yr (1990–2005) average grain yield for NT wheat was 8.9% lower than that for CT wheat (3.97 vs. 4.36 Mg ha −1 ). Differences between tillage systems were significant in 6 out of the 16 seasons and were small when planting was early, weed control was good, and rainfall deficit occurred during the grain filling period. The 16‐yr average grain yield for soybean was significantly lower under NT than under CT (2.60 vs. 3.08 Mg ha −1 ) but differences between tillage systems were small and not significant in 12 out of the 16 seasons. In comparison to wheat, NT soybean had higher weed pressure. Nitrogen concentrations in wheat and soybean were little affected by tillage. Phosphorus concentrations in wheat grain and straw were generally higher under NT, while differences in soybean tissue P due to tillage were negligible.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
No-tillage wheat yielded 8.9% less than conventional-tillage wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- NTe0
- Outcome
- average grain yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 8.9%e0
- Comparator
- CTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 16‐yr (1990–2005) average grain yield for NT wheat was 8.9% lower than that for CT wheat (3.97 vs. 4.36 Mg ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat yield differences were significant in 6 of 16 seasons.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- Differences between tillage systemse0
- Value
- 6 out of the 16 seasonse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Differences between tillage systems were significant in 6 out of the 16 seasons”
e1“NT wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat tillage differences were small with early planting, good weed control and grain-filling rainfall deficit.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- differences between tillage systemse1
- Direction
- smalle0
- Qualifier
- planting was early, weed control was good, and rainfall deficit occurred during the grain filling periode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were small when planting was early, weed control was good, and rainfall deficit occurred during the grain filling period”
e1“Differences between tillage systems were significant in 6 out of the 16 seasons and were small”
t0“Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
No-tillage soybean yielded less than conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- NTe0
- Outcome
- average grain yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 2.60 vs. 3.08 Mg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- CTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 16‐yr average grain yield for soybean was significantly lower under NT than under CT (2.60 vs. 3.08 Mg ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yield differences were small and nonsignificant in 12 of 16 seasons.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- differences between tillage systemse0
- Direction
- smalle0
- Value
- 12 out of the 16 seasonse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“differences between tillage systems were small and not significant in 12 out of the 16 seasons”
e1“grain yield for soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
No-tillage soybean had higher weed pressure than wheat.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- NTe0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed pressuree0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- wheate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In comparison to wheat, NT soybean had higher weed pressure”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage had little effect on wheat and soybean nitrogen concentrations.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- tillagee0
- Outcome
- Nitrogen concentrationse0
- Direction
- little affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen concentrations in wheat and soybean were little affected by tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus concentration in wheat grain and straw was generally higher under no-tillage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- grain and strawe0
- Treatment
- NTe0
- Outcome
- Phosphorus concentrationse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- CTe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphorus concentrations in wheat grain and straw were generally higher under NT”
e1“conventional tillage (CT) on durum wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean tissue phosphorus differed negligibly by tillage.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- tillagee0
- Outcome
- soybean tissue Pe0
- Direction
- negligiblee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“differences in soybean tissue P due to tillage were negligible”
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