Abstract
In 2011 and 2012, significant brown rot disease caused by Monilinia fructicola was observed in a peach orchard in Spartanburg County, SC, despite preharvest fungicide applications of demethylation inhibitor (DMI), quinone outside inhibitor (QoI), and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides. All 22 isolates obtained in 2011 from this orchard were sensitive to the QoI fungicide, azoxystrobin, and the methyl benzimidazole carbamate (MBC) fungicide, thiophanate-methyl. Five were resistant to the DMI fungicide, propiconazole, and were selected, together with five propiconazole-sensitive isolates, for further investigations. One of the 10 isolates was resistant to propiconazole but sensitive to the SDHI fungicide, boscalid (EC 50 = 0.42 μg/ml), 3 were resistant to propiconazole with intermediate sensitivity to boscalid (EC 50 0.72 to 2.1 μg/ml); 2 were sensitive to propiconazole with intermediate sensitivity to boscalid; 3 were sensitive to propiconazole but resistant to boscalid (EC 50 ≥ 2.1 μg/ml); and 1 (isolate MD22) was resistant to both propiconazole and boscalid. Disease incidence on detached fruit treated with formulated propiconazole or boscalid was significantly higher for MD22 compared to a sensitive control isolate. Continued monitoring of fungicide resistance in the same orchard in 2012 revealed an increase of isolates resistant to propiconazole from 22.7% in 2011 to 34.7%, and an increase of isolates resistant to both propiconazole and boscalid from 4.5% in 2011 to 18.4%. Propiconazole resistance was always associated with the presence of the ‘Mona’ mobile element located upstream of the sterol 14α-demethylase (MfCYP51) gene. To investigate whether mutations in the subunits of the succinate dehydrogenase enzyme were involved in boscalid resistance, significant portions of the M. fructicola SdhA, SdhB, SdhC, and SdhD genes were cloned and analyzed for 2 sensitive, 2 boscalid-resistant, and 6 dual-resistant isolates. Although sequence variation was found among the isolates, no single change correlated with resistance. Interestingly, analysis of isolates collected from orchards in 2001 and 2002, prior to the registration of boscalid, revealed a range of sensitivities to boscalid (EC 50 0.03 to 3.46 μg/ml) including boscalid-resistant isolates. The presence of boscalid-resistant isolates in the baseline population was unexpected and requires further investigation.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
All 22 Monilinia fructicola isolates from the 2011 peach orchard were sensitive to azoxystrobin and thiophanate-methyl.
- Taxon
- peach
Prunus persicae0 - Interactor
- Monilinia fructicola
Monilinia fructicolae0pathogen - Outcome
- sensitivee1
- Value
- 22e1
- Setting
- Spartanburg County, SCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant brown rot disease caused by Monilinia fructicola was observed in a peach orchard in Spartanburg County, SC”
e1“All 22 isolates obtained in 2011 from this orchard were sensitive to the QoI fungicide, azoxystrobin, and the methyl benzimidazole carbamate (MBC) fungicide, thiophanate-methyl”
Claim · model-written summary
Five of the 2011 Monilinia fructicola isolates were resistant to propiconazole.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae0
- Interactor
- Monilinia fructicolaMonilinia fructicolae0pathogen
- Compound
- propiconazolee2
- Outcome
- resistante2
- Value
- Fivee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant brown rot disease caused by Monilinia fructicola was observed in a peach orchard in Spartanburg County, SC”
e2“Five were resistant to the DMI fungicide, propiconazole”
Claim · model-written summary
One isolate was resistant to propiconazole but sensitive to boscalid (EC50 0.42 μg/ml).
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae0
- Interactor
- Monilinia fructicolaMonilinia fructicolae0pathogen
- Compound
- boscalide3
- Outcome
- sensitivee3
- Value
- EC 50 = 0.42 μg/mle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant brown rot disease caused by Monilinia fructicola was observed in a peach orchard in Spartanburg County, SC”
e3“One of the 10 isolates was resistant to propiconazole but sensitive to the SDHI fungicide, boscalid (EC 50 = 0.42 μg/ml)”
Claim · model-written summary
Three isolates were resistant to propiconazole with intermediate sensitivity to boscalid (EC50 0.72 to 2.1 μg/ml).
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae0
- Interactor
- Monilinia fructicolaMonilinia fructicolae0pathogen
- Compound
- boscalide4
- Outcome
- intermediate sensitivitye4
- Value
- EC 50 0.72 to 2.1 μg/mle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant brown rot disease caused by Monilinia fructicola was observed in a peach orchard in Spartanburg County, SC”
e4“3 were resistant to propiconazole with intermediate sensitivity to boscalid (EC 50 0.72 to 2.1 μg/ml)”
Claim · model-written summary
Two isolates were sensitive to propiconazole with intermediate sensitivity to boscalid.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae0
- Interactor
- Monilinia fructicolaMonilinia fructicolae0pathogen
- Compound
- boscalide5
- Outcome
- intermediate sensitivitye5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant brown rot disease caused by Monilinia fructicola was observed in a peach orchard in Spartanburg County, SC”
e5“2 were sensitive to propiconazole with intermediate sensitivity to boscalid”
Claim · model-written summary
Three isolates were sensitive to propiconazole but resistant to boscalid (EC50 ≥ 2.1 μg/ml).
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae0
- Interactor
- Monilinia fructicolaMonilinia fructicolae0pathogen
- Compound
- boscalide6
- Outcome
- resistante6
- Value
- EC 50 ≥ 2.1 μg/mle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant brown rot disease caused by Monilinia fructicola was observed in a peach orchard in Spartanburg County, SC”
e6“3 were sensitive to propiconazole but resistant to boscalid (EC 50 ≥ 2.1 μg/ml)”
Claim · model-written summary
Isolate MD22 was resistant to both propiconazole and boscalid.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae0
- Material
- isolate MD22e7
- Interactor
- Monilinia fructicolaMonilinia fructicolae0pathogen
- Compound
- propiconazolee7
- Outcome
- resistante7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant brown rot disease caused by Monilinia fructicola was observed in a peach orchard in Spartanburg County, SC”
e7“1 (isolate MD22) was resistant to both propiconazole and boscalid”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease incidence on detached peach fruit treated with propiconazole or boscalid was higher for isolate MD22 than for a sensitive control isolate.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae0
- Material
- MD22e1
- Treatment
- formulated propiconazole or boscalide1
- Interactor
- Monilinia fructicolaMonilinia fructicolae0pathogen
- Outcome
- Disease incidence on detached fruite1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- a sensitive control isolatee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant brown rot disease caused by Monilinia fructicola was observed in a peach orchard in Spartanburg County, SC”
e1“Disease incidence on detached fruit treated with formulated propiconazole or boscalid was significantly higher for MD22 compared to a sensitive control isolate”
Claim · model-written summary
Propiconazole-resistant isolates increased in the peach orchard from 22.7% in 2011 to 34.7% in 2012.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae0
- Interactor
- Monilinia fructicolaMonilinia fructicolae0pathogen
- Outcome
- isolates resistant to propiconazolee1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 22.7% in 2011 to 34.7%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant brown rot disease caused by Monilinia fructicola was observed in a peach orchard in Spartanburg County, SC”
e1“revealed an increase of isolates resistant to propiconazole from 22.7% in 2011 to 34.7%”
Claim · model-written summary
Isolates resistant to both propiconazole and boscalid increased from 4.5% in 2011 to 18.4% in 2012.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae0
- Interactor
- Monilinia fructicolaMonilinia fructicolae0pathogen
- Outcome
- isolates resistant to both propiconazole and boscalide1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 4.5% in 2011 to 18.4%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant brown rot disease caused by Monilinia fructicola was observed in a peach orchard in Spartanburg County, SC”
e1“an increase of isolates resistant to both propiconazole and boscalid from 4.5% in 2011 to 18.4%”
Claim · model-written summary
Propiconazole resistance was always associated with the Mona mobile element upstream of MfCYP51.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae0
- Interactor
- Monilinia fructicolaMonilinia fructicolae0pathogen
- Gene
- MfCYP51e2
- Outcome
- Propiconazole resistancee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant brown rot disease caused by Monilinia fructicola was observed in a peach orchard in Spartanburg County, SC”
e1“Propiconazole resistance was always associated with the presence of the”
e2“(MfCYP51) gene”
Claim · model-written summary
No single sequence change in the SdhA-SdhD genes correlated with boscalid resistance.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae0
- Interactor
- Monilinia fructicolaMonilinia fructicolae0pathogen
- Gene
- SdhA, SdhB, SdhC, and SdhDe2
- Outcome
- resistancee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant brown rot disease caused by Monilinia fructicola was observed in a peach orchard in Spartanburg County, SC”
e1“no single change correlated with resistance”
e2“significant portions of the M. fructicola SdhA, SdhB, SdhC, and SdhD genes were cloned and analyzed”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequence variation was found among the Monilinia fructicola isolates in the SdhA-SdhD genes.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae0
- Interactor
- Monilinia fructicolaMonilinia fructicolae0pathogen
- Gene
- SdhA, SdhB, SdhC, and SdhDe2
- Outcome
- sequence variatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant brown rot disease caused by Monilinia fructicola was observed in a peach orchard in Spartanburg County, SC”
e1“Although sequence variation was found among the isolates”
e2“significant portions of the M. fructicola SdhA, SdhB, SdhC, and SdhD genes were cloned and analyzed”
Claim · model-written summary
Baseline isolates collected in 2001 and 2002 before boscalid registration showed a range of boscalid sensitivities (EC50 0.03 to 3.46 μg/ml), including resistant isolates.
- Taxon
- peachPrunus persicae0
- Interactor
- Monilinia fructicolaMonilinia fructicolae0pathogen
- Compound
- boscalide1
- Outcome
- sensitivities to boscalide1
- Value
- EC 50 0.03 to 3.46 μg/mle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant brown rot disease caused by Monilinia fructicola was observed in a peach orchard in Spartanburg County, SC”
e1“analysis of isolates collected from orchards in 2001 and 2002, prior to the registration of boscalid, revealed a range of sensitivities to boscalid (EC 50 0.03 to 3.46 μg/ml) including boscalid-resistant isolates”
The same questions in other papers
boscalid · Monilinia fructicola · Prunus persica (peach)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
propiconazole · Monilinia fructicola · Prunus persica (peach)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.