Abstract
Corn ( Zea mays L.) and soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] growth and yields, and production costs were evaluated for three tillage systems on a 432‐acre site in southeast Iowa from 1980 to 1987. The three tillage systems were: no‐till (NT), slot planting into the previous year's crop residue; reduced tillage (RT), disking and/or field cultivating for primary and secondary tillage; and conventional tillage (CT), fall moldboard plowing with disking/field cultivating as secondary tillage. Averaged over the rotation, the percentage residue cover remaining after planting was 72, 26, and 3% for NT, RT, and CT, respectively. Date of crop emergence and date of 75% silking for corn were similar among tillage systems, but corn plant densities were generally lower for NT. Eight‐year average corn yields for NT (138 bu/acre) were lower (α = 0.01) than for RT (146 bu/acre) or CT (144 bu/acre). Eight‐year average soybean yields were not significantly affected by tillage. With the elimination of primary and secondary tillage, NT required fewer machine operations than RT or CT. Averaged over the rotation, NT had 5.4 operations/year compared with 7.3 operations/year for RT and 8.2 operations/year for CT. NT had lower fuel, labor, and machine costs, but higher pesticide costs than RT or CT. The RT system had the lowest annual production cost ($120.60/acre for corn and $102.77/acre for soybeans). The CT system had the highest annual corn production cost ($132.32/acre) due to greater machine costs, and the NT system had the highest annual soybean production cost ($111.67/acre) due to higher pesticide costs. The combined incentives of greater profitability for the RT system and compliance with the 1985 Food Security Act may favor reduction of tillage in the future.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
No-till left 72% residue cover.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- NTe0
- Outcome
- percentage residue cover remaining after plantinge0
Not reportedValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“percentage residue cover remaining after planting was 72, 26, and 3% for NT, RT, and CT, respectively.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced tillage left 26% residue cover.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- RTe0
- Outcome
- percentage residue cover remaining after plantinge0
Not reportedValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“percentage residue cover remaining after planting was 72, 26, and 3% for NT, RT, and CT, respectively.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage left 3% residue cover.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- CTe0
- Outcome
- percentage residue cover remaining after plantinge0
- Value
- 3%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“percentage residue cover remaining after planting was 72, 26, and 3% for NT, RT, and CT, respectively.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop emergence and corn silking dates were similar among tillage systems.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- tillage systemse0
- Outcome
- Date of crop emergence and date of 75% silkinge0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- tillage systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Date of crop emergence and date of 75% silking for corn were similar among tillage systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn density was generally lower under no-till.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- NTe0
- Outcome
- corn plant densitiese0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn plant densities were generally lower for NT.”
Claim · model-written summary
No-till corn yield averaged 138 bu/acre and was below reduced tillage.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- NTe0
- Outcome
- corn yieldse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 138 bu/acree0
- Qualifier
- 146 bu/acree0
- Comparator
- RTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eight‐year average corn yields for NT (138 bu/acre) were lower (α = 0.01) than for RT (146 bu/acre) or CT (144 bu/acre).”
Claim · model-written summary
No-till corn yield was below conventional tillage at 144 bu/acre.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- NTe0
- Outcome
- corn yieldse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 138 bu/acree0
- Qualifier
- 144 bu/acree0
- Comparator
- CTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eight‐year average corn yields for NT (138 bu/acre) were lower (α = 0.01) than for RT (146 bu/acre) or CT (144 bu/acre).”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yields were not significantly affected by tillage.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- tillagee0
- Outcome
- soybean yieldse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Eight‐year average soybean yields were not significantly affected by tillage.”
Claim · model-written summary
No-till used 5.4 machine operations per year versus 7.3 for reduced tillage.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- operations/yeare0
- Value
- 5.4 operations/yeare0
- Qualifier
- 7.3 operations/yeare0
- Comparator
- RTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NT had 5.4 operations/year compared with 7.3 operations/year for RT”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage used 8.2 operations per year.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- CTe0
- Outcome
- operations/yeare0
- Value
- 8.2 operations/yeare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“8.2 operations/year for CT”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
No-till had lower fuel, labor and machine costs.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- NTe0
- Outcome
- fuel, labor, and machine costse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- RT or CTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NT had lower fuel, labor, and machine costs, but higher pesticide costs than RT or CT.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
No-till had higher pesticide costs.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- NTe0
- Outcome
- pesticide costse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- RT or CTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NT had lower fuel, labor, and machine costs, but higher pesticide costs than RT or CT.”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced tillage had the lowest corn production cost, $120.60/acre.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- RTe0
- Outcome
- annual production coste0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- $120.60/acree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The RT system had the lowest annual production cost ($120.60/acre for corn and $102.77/acre for soybeans).”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced tillage had the lowest soybean production cost, $102.77/acre.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- RTe0
- Outcome
- annual production coste0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- $102.77/acree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The RT system had the lowest annual production cost ($120.60/acre for corn and $102.77/acre for soybeans).”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage had the highest corn cost, $132.32/acre.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- CTe0
- Outcome
- annual corn production coste0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- $132.32/acree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The CT system had the highest annual corn production cost ($132.32/acre) due to greater machine costs”
Claim · model-written summary
No-till had the highest soybean cost, $111.67/acre.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- NTe0
- Outcome
- annual soybean production coste0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- $111.67/acree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the NT system had the highest annual soybean production cost ($111.67/acre) due to higher pesticide costs.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggested that incentives may favor reduced tillage.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- reduction of tillage in the futuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined incentives of greater profitability for the RT system and compliance with the 1985 Food Security Act may favor reduction of tillage in the future.”
t0“Corn”
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