Abstract
In banana, fruit rot is incited by Colletotrichum musae which has been the most serious post-harvest disease of immature and mature fruit. The usual control by fungicides prohibited in many countries reduces their commercial value. Therefore, two experiments were conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of alternative products to the synthetic fungicides. First, berries naturally infected by anthracnose were immersed into Azadirachta indica and citric extracts at 2 and 4% (v/v) for 3 minutes and stored for 11 days under environmental conditions. Next, other berries were immersed into essential oil emulsions of Allium sativum, Copaifera langsdorfii, Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Eugenia caryophyllata at 5% for 3 minutes but stored for 11 days. Berries immersed into distilled water were used as control-treatments. The percentage of disease incidence observed in the control-treatment was similar to the ones observed in the extract of A. indica at 2%. The control-treatment showed disease severity of 75.13% and the percentage of disease control was 20.85%. Fruit immersed into distilled water presented less effectiveness than the ones immersed into citric extracts, which promoted the highest effectiveness. Citric extract at 4% was the most efficient treatment because the disease incidence was 19.44%, the disease severity was 9.34% and the disease control was 90.16%. Less severity and, consequently, more disease control were achieved by immersing the berries into the emulsion of essential oil of A. sativum, followed by treatments with C. langsdorfii, E. caryophyllata and C. zeylanicum.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Neem extract at 2% had disease incidence similar to water control.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Treatment
- extract of A. indica at 2%e0
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum musae
-_Anthracnose_caused_by_Colletotrichum_musae.jpg?width=60)
Colletotrichum musaee1pathogen - Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- control-treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
-_Anthracnose_caused_by_Colletotrichum_musae.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The percentage of disease incidence observed in the control-treatment was similar to the ones observed in the extract of A. indica at 2%”
e1“In banana, fruit rot is incited by Colletotrichum musae”
t0“banana fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Water control had 75.13% disease severity.
Verbatim
e0“The control-treatment showed disease severity of 75.13%”
t0“banana fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Water control had 20.85% disease control.
Verbatim
e0“the percentage of disease control was 20.85%”
t0“banana fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Citric extracts were more effective than distilled water, with the highest effectiveness.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit immersed into distilled water presented less effectiveness than the ones immersed into citric extracts, which promoted the highest effectiveness”
t0“banana fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Citric extract at 4% yielded 19.44% disease incidence.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Treatment
- Citric extract at 4%e0
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- most efficiente0
- Value
- 19.44%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Citric extract at 4% was the most efficient treatment because the disease incidence was 19.44%”
t0“banana fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Citric extract at 4% yielded 9.34% disease severity.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Treatment
- Citric extract at 4%e0
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- most efficiente0
- Value
- 9.34%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Citric extract at 4% was the most efficient treatment because the disease incidence was 19.44%, the disease severity was 9.34%”
t0“banana fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Citric extract at 4% yielded 90.16% disease control.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Treatment
- Citric extract at 4%e0
- Outcome
- disease controle0
- Direction
- most efficiente0
- Value
- 90.16%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Citric extract at 4% was the most efficient treatment because the disease incidence was 19.44%, the disease severity was 9.34% and the disease control was 90.16%”
t0“banana fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Allium sativum oil emulsion gave the lowest severity and greatest control among the oils.
Verbatim
e0“Less severity and, consequently, more disease control were achieved by immersing the berries into the emulsion of essential oil of A. sativum, followed by treatments with C. langsdorfii, E. caryophyllata and C. zeylanicum”
t0“banana fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Allium sativum oil emulsion gave more disease control than the other oils.
Verbatim
e0“Less severity and, consequently, more disease control were achieved by immersing the berries into the emulsion of essential oil of A. sativum, followed by treatments with C. langsdorfii, E. caryophyllata and C. zeylanicum”
t0“banana fruit”
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.