Abstract
Abstract Nitrate‐N (NO 3 ) leaching losses were quantified for irrigated corn ( Zea mays L.) grown on a Valentine sand using a ceramic candle extraction system buried at 1.5‐m depth. Irrigation rates were 85% and 130% of evapotranspiration (ET). Total dry matter, grain yield and crop N uptake were not significantly affected by irrigation level. During the two year study average annual flow‐weighted NO 3 ‐N concentrations in extracted soil water ranged from 28.3 to 75.2 mg NO 3 ‐N L −1 for 0.85 and 1.3 ET irrigation levels, respectively. In 1976 the 0.85 ET treatment had 37 ha‐mm of soil water percolation and leaching of 12 kg NO 3 ‐N. The 1.3 ET treatment lost 191 ha‐mm of percolation and 75 kg NO 3 ‐N. In 1977 132 ha‐mm of soil water was lost by percolation and 109 kg NO 3 ‐N ha −1 for 0.85 ET and 182 ha‐mm and 146 kg NO 3 ‐N ha −1 for the 1.3 ET irrigation level. The higher soil water percolation and NO 3 ‐N losses in 1977 resulted from over‐winter precipitation and early spring leaching of the previous year's residual nitrate. In‐season NO 3 ‐N leaching was reduced by matching irrigation to ET. To effectively reduce NO 3 ‐N leaching N fertilizer rates must match crop yield requirements to reduce soil NO 3 ‐N carryover and irrigation scheduling must be used on sands.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Corn dry matter, grain yield and nitrogen uptake did not differ significantly by irrigation level.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- 85%e1
- Outcome
- Total dry matter, grain yield and crop N uptakee0
- Comparator
- 130%e1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total dry matter, grain yield and crop N uptake were not significantly affected by irrigation level.”
e1“Irrigation rates were 85% and 130% of evapotranspiration (ET).”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The higher irrigation level had a higher annual flow-weighted nitrate concentration in extracted soil water.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- 1.3 ETe0
- Outcome
- NO 3 ‐N concentrations in extracted soil watere0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 75.2 mg NO 3 ‐N L −1e0
- Qualifier
- 28.3e0
- Comparator
- 0.85e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“average annual flow‐weighted NO 3 ‐N concentrations in extracted soil water ranged from 28.3 to 75.2 mg NO 3 ‐N L −1 for 0.85 and 1.3 ET irrigation levels, respectively.”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1976, 0.85 ET irrigation produced 37 ha-mm of soil water percolation.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- 0.85 ETe0
- Outcome
- soil water percolatione0
- Value
- 37 ha‐mme0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1976 the 0.85 ET treatment had 37 ha‐mm of soil water percolation”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1976, 0.85 ET irrigation had 12 kg nitrate nitrogen leaching.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- 0.85 ETe0
- Outcome
- leachinge0
- Value
- 12 kg NO 3 ‐Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1976 the 0.85 ET treatment had 37 ha‐mm of soil water percolation and leaching of 12 kg NO 3 ‐N.”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1976, 1.3 ET irrigation produced 191 ha-mm percolation.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- 1.3 ETe0
- Outcome
- percolatione0
- Value
- 191 ha‐mme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 1.3 ET treatment lost 191 ha‐mm of percolation”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1976, 1.3 ET irrigation lost 75 kg nitrate nitrogen.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- 1.3 ETe0
- Outcome
- NO 3 ‐Ne0
- Value
- 75 kg NO 3 ‐Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 1.3 ET treatment lost 191 ha‐mm of percolation and 75 kg NO 3 ‐N.”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1977, 0.85 ET irrigation lost 132 ha-mm soil water by percolation.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- 0.85 ETe0
- Outcome
- soil water was lost by percolatione0
- Value
- 132 ha‐mme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1977 132 ha‐mm of soil water was lost by percolation and 109 kg NO 3 ‐N ha −1 for 0.85 ET”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1977, 0.85 ET irrigation lost 109 kg nitrate nitrogen per hectare.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- 0.85 ETe0
- Outcome
- NO 3 ‐Ne0
- Value
- 109 kg NO 3 ‐N ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1977 132 ha‐mm of soil water was lost by percolation and 109 kg NO 3 ‐N ha −1 for 0.85 ET”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1977, 1.3 ET irrigation lost 182 ha-mm soil water by percolation.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- 1.3 ETe0
- Outcome
- percolatione0
- Value
- 182 ha‐mme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1977 132 ha‐mm of soil water was lost by percolation and 109 kg NO 3 ‐N ha −1 for 0.85 ET and 182 ha‐mm and 146 kg NO 3 ‐N ha −1 for the 1.3 ET irrigation level”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1977, 1.3 ET irrigation lost 146 kg nitrate nitrogen per hectare.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- 1.3 ETe0
- Outcome
- NO 3 ‐Ne0
- Value
- 146 kg NO 3 ‐N ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“182 ha‐mm and 146 kg NO 3 ‐N ha −1 for the 1.3 ET irrigation level”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater percolation and nitrate loss in 1977 were attributed to winter precipitation and spring leaching of residual nitrate.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- soil water percolation and NO 3 ‐N lossese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- over‐winter precipitation and early spring leachinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The higher soil water percolation and NO 3 ‐N losses in 1977 resulted from over‐winter precipitation and early spring leaching of the previous year's residual nitrate.”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Matching irrigation to evapotranspiration reduced in-season nitrate leaching.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- matching irrigation to ETe0
- Outcome
- In‐season NO 3 ‐N leachinge0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In‐season NO 3 ‐N leaching was reduced by matching irrigation to ET.”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend matching nitrogen fertilizer to yield requirements and scheduling irrigation on sands to reduce nitrate leaching.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- N fertilizer rates must match crop yield requirements to reduce soil NO 3 ‐N carryover and irrigation scheduling must be used on sandse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“To effectively reduce NO 3 ‐N leaching N fertilizer rates must match crop yield requirements to reduce soil NO 3 ‐N carryover and irrigation scheduling must be used on sands.”
t0“corn ( Zea mays L.)”
The same questions in other papers
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