Abstract
SUMMARY A new quaternary ammonium growth retardant, i‐allyl‐i‐(3,7‐dimethyl‐octyl)‐piperidinium bromide (ADOPB), was compared with daminozide, ancymidol and chlorphonium chloride for its effectiveness in reducing lateral stem length in the pot chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium). Single foliar sprays of ADOPB applied at 100 to 250 ppm active ingredient (a.i.) gave excellent height control without phytotoxicity in cv. Bright Golden Anne throughout the year. Similar results were obtained in two trials with cvs Purple Anne and Regal Anne. As much as 10 to 50 times this concentration of daminozide was required to achieve a similar degree of height control. However, under summer conditions even high concentrations of daminozide did not adequately reduce stem length. Foliar sprays of ancymidol (50–100 ppm a.i.) also gave good control of stem length but this chemical was more effective when applied as a compost drench. Compost drenches of ADOPB reduced stem extension but a greater quantity of a.i. was required compared to a foliar spray. Foliar sprays of dikegulac‐sodium (100 to 5000 ppm a.i.) were very phytotoxic. Reductions in thelength of lateral stems were associated with marked decreases in their fresh and dry weights. Growth retardants delay the flowering of pot chrysanthemums by inducing a slower rate of flower bud development. Foliar sprays of ADOPB generally delayed flowering by 2–3 days more than did sprays of daminozide, but this was comparable with that associated with the use of compost drenches of chlorphonium chloride. High concentrations of all the retardants reduced the diameter of open flowers. Only daminozide caused a loss of flower colour in cv. Regal Anne. The results are discussed in relation to the mode of action of growth retardants, with particular reference to the effects of gibberellins on stem extension and flower development in the chrysanthemum.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
ADOPB foliar sprays controlled height without phytotoxicity in Bright Golden Anne.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemum
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Chrysanthemumt0 - Material
- cv. Bright Golden Annee0
- Treatment
- ADOPB applied at 100 to 250 ppm active ingredient (a.i.)e0
- Outcome
- height control without phytotoxicitye0
- Direction
- excellente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpeg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Single foliar sprays of ADOPB applied at 100 to 250 ppm active ingredient (a.i.) gave excellent height control without phytotoxicity in cv. Bright Golden Anne throughout the year.”
t0“chrysanthemum”
Claim · model-written summary
Purple Anne and Regal Anne showed similar responses to ADOPB.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Material
- cvs Purple Anne and Regal Annee0
- Outcome
- Similar resultse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar results were obtained in two trials with cvs Purple Anne and Regal Anne.”
t0“chrysanthemum”
Claim · model-written summary
Daminozide needed 10 to 50 times the ADOPB concentration for comparable height control.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- daminozidee0
- Outcome
- height controle0
- Direction
- similare0
- Value
- 10 to 50 timese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As much as 10 to 50 times this concentration of daminozide was required to achieve a similar degree of height control.”
t0“chrysanthemum”
Claim · model-written summary
Even high daminozide concentrations inadequately reduced summer stem length.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- high concentrations of daminozidee0
- Outcome
- stem lengthe0
- Direction
- did not adequately reducee0
- Qualifier
- summer conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under summer conditions even high concentrations of daminozide did not adequately reduce stem length.”
t0“chrysanthemum”
Claim · model-written summary
Ancymidol sprays controlled stem length but compost drenches worked better.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- ancymidol (50–100 ppm a.i.)e0
- Outcome
- stem lengthe0
- Direction
- good controle0
- Comparator
- compost drenche0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar sprays of ancymidol (50–100 ppm a.i.) also gave good control of stem length but this chemical was more effective when applied as a compost drench.”
t0“chrysanthemum”
Claim · model-written summary
ADOPB compost drenches reduced stem extension but required more active ingredient than sprays.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- Compost drenches of ADOPBe0
- Outcome
- stem extensione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- foliar spraye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compost drenches of ADOPB reduced stem extension but a greater quantity of a.i. was required compared to a foliar spray.”
t0“chrysanthemum”
Claim · model-written summary
Dikegulac-sodium foliar sprays were phytotoxic.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- dikegulac‐sodium (100 to 5000 ppm a.i.)e0
- Outcome
- phytotoxice0
- Direction
- very phytotoxice0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar sprays of dikegulac‐sodium (100 to 5000 ppm a.i.) were very phytotoxic.”
t0“chrysanthemum”
Claim · model-written summary
Shorter lateral stems were associated with lower fresh and dry weights.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Organ / stage
- lateral stemse0
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weightse0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reductions in thelength of lateral stems were associated with marked decreases in their fresh and dry weights.”
t0“chrysanthemum”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth retardants delayed flowering through slower flower bud development.
Verbatim
e0“Growth retardants delay the flowering of pot chrysanthemums by inducing a slower rate of flower bud development.”
Claim · model-written summary
ADOPB delayed flowering 2–3 days more than daminozide.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- Foliar sprays of ADOPBe0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Value
- 2–3 dayse0
- Comparator
- sprays of daminozidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar sprays of ADOPB generally delayed flowering by 2–3 days more than did sprays of daminozide”
t0“chrysanthemum”
Claim · model-written summary
High concentrations of all retardants reduced open flower diameter.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Treatment
- High concentrations of all the retardantse0
- Outcome
- diameter of open flowerse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High concentrations of all the retardants reduced the diameter of open flowers.”
t0“chrysanthemum”
Claim · model-written summary
Only daminozide caused flower colour loss in Regal Anne.
- Taxon
- chrysanthemumChrysanthemumt0
- Material
- cv. Regal Annee0
- Treatment
- daminozidee0
- Outcome
- flower coloure0
- Direction
- losse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only daminozide caused a loss of flower colour in cv. Regal Anne.”
t0“chrysanthemum”
The same questions in other papers
Daminozide · quality: postharvest · ChrysanthemumPositive and negative results
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ancymidol · growth · ChrysanthemumPositive and negative results
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1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Daminozide · growth · ChrysanthemumPositive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
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See all 8 papers →application · phenology · ChrysanthemumPositive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.