Abstract
Abstract Many of the advantages of no‐tillage crop production are due to the presence of a mulch from a cover crop or from crop residue. Legumes can be used to provide the mulch and biologically fixed N to nonlegumes in the system. Field experiments were conducted from 1977 through 1981 to determine the amount of biologically fixed N provided to no‐tillage corn ( Zea mays L.) by winter annual legume cover crops of hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa Roth), big flower vetch ( Vicia grandiflora W. Koch var. Kitailbeliuna ), and crimson clover ( Trifolium incarnuturn L.). The legumes were compared to a cover of corn residue only and a cover crop of rye ( Secale cereule L.). The soil was a Maury silt loam (Typic Paleudalfs, fine‐silty, mixed, mesic). Fertilizer N treatments of 0, 50, and 100 kg ha −1 were combined with each cover treatment. Corn was planted by no‐tillage directly into the cover treatments and the cover crops were killed with herbicides. Hairy vetch produced more dry matter with a higher N percentage which resulted in a higher N concentration in corn plants and substantially more inorganic N (KCI extractable NH + 4 and NO − 3 ) in the soil than with the other legumes. Big flower vetch and crimson clover provided much less N than hairy vetch. Five‐year average yields of corn grain following hairy vetch cover crop with no N fertilizer were about 2.5 Mg ha −1 more than corn yields when following corn residue or rye cover crop. We estimated that hairy vetch supplied biologically fixed N equivalent to approximately 90 to 100 kg ha −1 fertilizer N annually to the corn, based on a comparison of grain yields with corn grown in corn residue and rye. In addition to functioning as an effective mulch, certain legume cover crops can provide a substantial portion of the N for no‐tillage corn production, decreasing the amount of N fertilizer needed.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Hairy vetch produced more dry matter with a higher N percentage.
- Taxon
- Hairy vetch
Vicia villosae0 - Outcome
- dry matter with a higher N percentagee0
- Direction
- moree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hairy vetch produced more dry matter with a higher N percentage”
Claim · model-written summary
Hairy vetch cover resulted in a higher N concentration in corn plants.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- Hairy vetche0
- Outcome
- N concentration in corn plantse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hairy vetch produced more dry matter with a higher N percentage which resulted in a higher N concentration in corn plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Hairy vetch cover resulted in substantially more inorganic N in the soil.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Hairy vetche0
- Outcome
- inorganic Ne0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hairy vetch produced more dry matter with a higher N percentage which resulted in a higher N concentration in corn plants and substantially more inorganic N”
Claim · model-written summary
Big flower vetch provided much less N than hairy vetch.
Verbatim
e0“Big flower vetch and crimson clover provided much less N than hairy vetch”
Claim · model-written summary
Crimson clover provided much less N than hairy vetch.
Verbatim
e0“Big flower vetch and crimson clover provided much less N than hairy vetch”
Claim · model-written summary
Five-year average corn grain yields after hairy vetch with no N fertilizer were about 2.5 Mg/ha higher than after corn residue or rye cover.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- hairy vetch cover crop with no N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- yields of corn graine0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 2.5 Mg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- corn residue or rye cover crope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yields of corn grain following hairy vetch cover crop with no N fertilizer were about 2.5 Mg ha −1 more than corn yields when following corn residue or rye cover crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Hairy vetch was estimated to supply biologically fixed N equivalent to about 90 to 100 kg/ha fertilizer N annually to the corn.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- biologically fixed N equivalent to approximately 90 to 100 kg ha −1 fertilizer Ne0
- Value
- 90 to 100 kg ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We estimated that hairy vetch supplied biologically fixed N equivalent to approximately 90 to 100 kg ha −1 fertilizer N annually to the corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Certain legume cover crops can provide a substantial portion of the N for corn, decreasing the N fertilizer needed.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- decreasing the amount of N fertilizer needede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“corn plants”
e1“decreasing the amount of N fertilizer needed”
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