Abstract
The purpose of present study was to develop a management strategy based on a time effective inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to mitigate the yield losses of Cicer arietinum L. due to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris (Foc). The interactions between AMF (mycorrhizal consortium; Myc) and Foc were studied in three separate experiments in two successive years (2011 and 2012). In particular, we investigated: the effect of Myc on population density of Foc, the effect of Foc on mycorrhisation (root colonisation index and AMF spore density/50 g sand) and the interactive effects of Myc and Foc on growth, phosphorus (P) content and disease severity index of C. arietinum. Results suggested that pre-inoculating plants with AMF (Myc + Foc) considerably reduced Foc population density, while combined (Myc/Foc) and early inoculation of AMF (Myc + Foc) increased mycorrhisation, growth and P content of plants. Combined and early inoculation of AMF reduced disease severity index up to 68 and 89.5%, respectively. Thus, the results suggested that soil pretreated with AMF acted as bioprotectant against the Fusarium. In conclusion, Myc should be inoculated before transplantation of crop seedlings to the fields. However, extrapolation of the results to the real field conditions should be done with caution because of differences in growth conditions and substrate used in present study i.e. net house and sand, respectively.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
AMF pre-inoculation reduced Foc population density.
- Taxon
- Cicer arietinum L.
Cicer arietinumt0 - Treatment
- pre-inoculating plants with AMFe0
- Interactor
- Foce0pathogen
- Second interactor
- AMFe0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Foc population densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pre-inoculating plants with AMF (Myc + Foc) considerably reduced Foc population density”
t0“Cicer arietinum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined AMF inoculation increased mycorrhisation, growth and P content.
- Taxon
- Cicer arietinum L.Cicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- combined (Myc/Foc)e0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- mycorrhisation, growth and P content of plantse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined (Myc/Foc) and early inoculation of AMF (Myc + Foc) increased mycorrhisation, growth and P content of plants”
t0“Cicer arietinum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Early AMF inoculation increased mycorrhisation, growth and P content.
- Taxon
- Cicer arietinum L.Cicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- early inoculation of AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- mycorrhisation, growth and P content of plantse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early inoculation of AMF (Myc + Foc) increased mycorrhisation, growth and P content of plants”
t0“Cicer arietinum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined AMF inoculation reduced disease severity up to 68%.
- Taxon
- Cicer arietinum L.Cicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- Combinede0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- disease severity indexe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 68e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined and early inoculation of AMF reduced disease severity index up to 68 and 89.5%, respectively”
t0“Cicer arietinum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Early AMF inoculation reduced disease severity up to 89.5%.
- Taxon
- Cicer arietinum L.Cicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- early inoculation of AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- disease severity indexe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 89.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined and early inoculation of AMF reduced disease severity index up to 68 and 89.5%, respectively”
t0“Cicer arietinum L.”
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