Abstract
Abstract A pot experiment was conducted to determine the utilization of iron (Fe) by lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L. cv. Australian gelber). Iron was applied as 59 Fe in inorganic and chelated form, particularly biodegradable chelate, 59 Fe‐EDDS. Two stereoisomeric forms of ethylenediaminedisuccinate: [S,S]‐EDDS and a mixture of EDDS containing 25% [S,S]‐EDDS, 25% [R,R]‐EDDS, and 50% [S/R]/[R/S]‐EDDS, ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid (EDTA) and ethylenediimino bis(2‐hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid (EDDHA) were used as ligands. Lettuce was grown in unlimed and limed quartz sand with nitrate as the sole source of nitrogen. Liming decreased lettuce yields but had no effect on Fe concentrations, indicating that Fe concentrations were a poor indicator of Fe bioavailability within the plant. In unlimed sand, utilization of 59 Fe from all 59 Fe‐chelates was on the same level (2.8%–3.6%). In limed sand, only 59 Fe‐EDDHA maintained the 59 Fe utilization on a level (3%) comparable to that in unlimed sand. Although the utilization of 59 Fe from the other chelates decreased to 0.6%–1.1% after liming, Fe concentrations were not affected due to the increased uptake of indigenous Fe. The most biodegradable form of EDDS, namely 59 Fe‐EDDS(S,S), provided 59 Fe for lettuce as efficiently as the mixture of 59 Fe‐EDDS stereoisomers and the 59 Fe‐EDTA. Utilization of 59 Fe in inorganic form was 0.5% and 0.03% in unlimed and limed sand, respectively. This study shows that biodegradable ligands are able to serve as chelators to sustain Fe availability in calcareous environments. They may be of use especially in drip irrigation, where ligand accumulations may pose a threat to groundwater quality.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Liming decreased lettuce yield.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativa
Lactuca sativae0 - Treatment
- Liminge1
- Outcome
- lettuce yieldse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- unlimede2
- Setting
- pot experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment was conducted to determine the utilization of iron (Fe) by lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L. cv. Australian gelber)”
e1“Liming decreased lettuce yields but had no effect on Fe concentrations”
e2“Lettuce was grown in unlimed and limed quartz sand”
Claim · model-written summary
Liming had no effect on lettuce Fe concentrations.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativaLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- Liminge1
- Outcome
- Fe concentrationse1
- Direction
- no effecte1
- Comparator
- unlimede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment was conducted to determine the utilization of iron (Fe) by lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L. cv. Australian gelber)”
e1“Liming decreased lettuce yields but had no effect on Fe concentrations”
e2“Lettuce was grown in unlimed and limed quartz sand”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe concentrations were a poor indicator of Fe bioavailability in lettuce.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativaLactuca sativae0
- Outcome
- indicator of Fe bioavailabilitye2
- Qualifier
- poore2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment was conducted to determine the utilization of iron (Fe) by lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L. cv. Australian gelber)”
e2“indicating that Fe concentrations were a poor indicator of Fe bioavailability within the plant”
Claim · model-written summary
In unlimed sand, 59Fe utilization from all tested chelates was at the same level (2.8%–3.6%).
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativaLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- chelatese3
- Outcome
- utilization of 59 Fee3
- Direction
- same levele3
- Value
- 2.8%–3.6%e3
- Setting
- unlimed sande3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment was conducted to determine the utilization of iron (Fe) by lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L. cv. Australian gelber)”
e3“In unlimed sand, utilization of 59 Fe from all 59 Fe‐chelates was on the same level (2.8%–3.6%)”
Claim · model-written summary
In limed sand, only EDDHA chelate kept 59Fe utilization comparable to unlimed sand (3%).
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativaLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- EDDHAe4
- Outcome
- 59 Fe utilizatione4
- Direction
- comparable toe4
- Value
- 3%e4
- Setting
- limed sande4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment was conducted to determine the utilization of iron (Fe) by lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L. cv. Australian gelber)”
e4“In limed sand, only 59 Fe‐EDDHA maintained the 59 Fe utilization on a level (3%) comparable to that in unlimed sand”
Claim · model-written summary
After liming, 59Fe utilization from the other chelates decreased to 0.6%–1.1%.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativaLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- liminge5
- Outcome
- utilization of 59 Fee5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Value
- 0.6%–1.1%e5
- Comparator
- unlimede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment was conducted to determine the utilization of iron (Fe) by lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L. cv. Australian gelber)”
e5“Although the utilization of 59 Fe from the other chelates decreased to 0.6%–1.1% after liming”
e2“Lettuce was grown in unlimed and limed quartz sand”
Claim · model-written summary
Lettuce Fe concentrations were not affected by liming because of increased uptake of indigenous Fe.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativaLactuca sativae0
- Outcome
- Fe concentrationse6
- Qualifier
- increased uptake of indigenous Fee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment was conducted to determine the utilization of iron (Fe) by lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L. cv. Australian gelber)”
e6“Fe concentrations were not affected due to the increased uptake of indigenous Fe”
Claim · model-written summary
EDDS provided 59Fe to lettuce as efficiently as the mixture of EDDS stereoisomers.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativaLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- EDDSe1
- Outcome
- provided 59 Fe for lettucee7
- Direction
- as efficiently ase7
- Comparator
- mixturee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment was conducted to determine the utilization of iron (Fe) by lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L. cv. Australian gelber)”
e7“provided 59 Fe for lettuce as efficiently as the mixture”
e1“The most biodegradable form of EDDS”
Claim · model-written summary
Utilization of 59Fe in inorganic form was 0.5% in unlimed sand and 0.03% in limed sand.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativaLactuca sativae0
- Outcome
- Utilization of 59 Fe in inorganic forme1
- Value
- 0.5% and 0.03%e1
- Setting
- unlimed and limed sande1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment was conducted to determine the utilization of iron (Fe) by lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L. cv. Australian gelber)”
e1“Utilization of 59 Fe in inorganic form was 0.5% and 0.03% in unlimed and limed sand, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Biodegradable ligands can serve as chelators that sustain Fe availability in calcareous environments.
- Taxon
- Lactuca sativaLactuca sativae0
- Compound
- biodegradable ligandse1
- Outcome
- Fe availabilitye1
- Setting
- calcareous environmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pot experiment was conducted to determine the utilization of iron (Fe) by lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L. cv. Australian gelber)”
e1“This study shows that biodegradable ligands are able to serve as chelators to sustain Fe availability in calcareous environments”
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See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.