Abstract
Decline of newly planted, grafted grapevines is a serious viticultural problem worldwide. In the R iverina ( N ew S outh W ales, A ustralia), characteristic symptoms include low fruit yields, very short shoots and severely stunted roots with black, sunken, necrotic lesions. To determine the cause, roots and wood tissue from affected plants in 20 vineyards ( V itis vinifera cv. Chardonnay grafted to V . champini cv. R amsey rootstock) were assayed for microbial pathogens. I lyonectria spp. ( I . macrodidyma or I . liriodendra, producers of phytotoxin brefeldin A , BFA , and cause of black foot disease of grapevines) and B otryosphaeriaceae spp. (predominantly D iplodia seriata ) were isolated from rootstocks of 100 and 95% of the plants, respectively. T ogninia minima and P haeomoniella chlamydospora (cause of grapevine P etri disease) were isolated from 13 and 7% of affected plants, respectively. All R amsey rootstock stems of grafted plants sampled from a supplier nursery were infected with I lyonectria spp. and D . seriata . D iplodia seriata , but not I lyonectria spp., was also isolated from 25% of canes sampled from the rootstock source block. Root inoculation of potted, disease‐free C hardonnay plants with I lyonectria isolates from diseased vineyards caused typical disease symptoms, while co‐inoculation with B otryosphaeriaceae spp. increased disease severity. This is the first study to show that a major cause of young grapevine decline can be sequential infection by B otryosphaeriaceae from rootstock cuttings and I lyonectria spp. from nursery soil. Although the P etri disease fungi were less common in young declining grafted grapevines in the R iverina, they are likely to contribute to the decline of surviving plants as they mature.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
I lyonectria spp. were isolated from rootstocks of all affected plants.
VitisOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevines”
e0“I lyonectria spp. ( I . macrodidyma or I . liriodendra, producers of phytotoxin brefeldin A , BFA , and cause of black foot disease of grapevines) and B otryosphaeriaceae spp. (predominantly D iplodia seriata ) were isolated from rootstocks of 100 and 95% of the plants, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
B otryosphaeriaceae spp. were isolated from rootstocks of 95% of affected plants.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevines”
e0“B otryosphaeriaceae spp. (predominantly D iplodia seriata ) were isolated from rootstocks of 100 and 95% of the plants, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
T ogninia minima was isolated from 13% of affected plants.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevines”
e0“T ogninia minima and P haeomoniella chlamydospora (cause of grapevine P etri disease) were isolated from 13 and 7% of affected plants, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
P haeomoniella chlamydospora was isolated from 7% of affected plants.
- Interactor
- P haeomoniella chlamydosporae0pathogen
- Outcome
- isolated from 13 and 7% of affected plantse0
- Value
- 7%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevines”
e0“T ogninia minima and P haeomoniella chlamydospora (cause of grapevine P etri disease) were isolated from 13 and 7% of affected plants, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
All sampled nursery R amsey rootstock stems were infected with I lyonectria spp.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevines”
e0“All R amsey rootstock stems of grafted plants sampled from a supplier nursery were infected with I lyonectria spp. and D . seriata .”
Claim · model-written summary
All sampled nursery R amsey rootstock stems were infected with D . seriata.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevines”
e0“All R amsey rootstock stems of grafted plants sampled from a supplier nursery were infected with I lyonectria spp. and D . seriata .”
Claim · model-written summary
D iplodia seriata was isolated from 25% of canes from the rootstock source block.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevines”
e0“D iplodia seriata , but not I lyonectria spp., was also isolated from 25% of canes sampled from the rootstock source block.”
Claim · model-written summary
I lyonectria spp. was not isolated from rootstock source canes.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevines”
e0“D iplodia seriata , but not I lyonectria spp., was also isolated from 25% of canes sampled from the rootstock source block.”
Claim · model-written summary
Root inoculation with I lyonectria isolates caused typical disease symptoms in disease-free C hardonnay plants.
- Material
- C hardonnaye0
- Treatment
- Root inoculatione0
- Interactor
- I lyonectriae0pathogen
- Outcome
- typical disease symptomse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevines”
e0“Root inoculation of potted, disease‐free C hardonnay plants with I lyonectria isolates from diseased vineyards caused typical disease symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation with B otryosphaeriaceae spp. increased disease severity.
- Treatment
- co‐inoculation with B otryosphaeriaceae spp.e0
- Interactor
- B otryosphaeriaceae spp.e0pathogen
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevines”
e0“co‐inoculation with B otryosphaeriaceae spp. increased disease severity”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential infection by B otryosphaeriaceae from cuttings and I lyonectria spp. from soil can be a major cause of young grapevine decline.
- Interactor
- B otryosphaeriaceaee0pathogen
- Second interactor
- I lyonectria spp.e0pathogen
- Outcome
- young grapevine declinee0
- Qualifier
- sequential infectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevines”
e0“a major cause of young grapevine decline can be sequential infection by B otryosphaeriaceae from rootstock cuttings and I lyonectria spp. from nursery soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Petri disease fungi may contribute to decline as surviving grapevines mature.
- Interactor
- P etri disease fungie0pathogen
- Outcome
- decline of surviving plantse0
- Qualifier
- as they maturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“grapevines”
e0“the P etri disease fungi were less common in young declining grafted grapevines in the R iverina, they are likely to contribute to the decline of surviving plants as they mature.”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · disease · VitisPositive and negative results
47 papers in the same direction as this paper · 19 in the opposite direction
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- positive
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