Abstract
Rising atmospheric CO(2) concentrations can affect the induced defense of plants against chewing herbivores but little is known about whether elevated CO(2) can change the induced defense of plants against parasitic nematodes. This study examined the interactions between the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and three isogenic tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) genotypes grown under ambient (390 ppm) and elevated (750 ppm) CO(2) in growth chambers. In a previous study with open-top chambers in the field, we reported that elevated CO(2) increased the number of nematode-induced root galls in a JA-defense-dominated genotype but not in a wild-type or JA-defense-recessive genotype. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that elevated CO(2) will favor the salicylic acid (SA)-pathway defense but repress the jasmonic acid (JA)-pathway defense of plants against plant-parasitic nematodes. Our data showed that elevated CO(2) reduced the JA-pathway defense against M. incognita in the wild-type and in a genotype in which defense is dominated by the JA pathway (a JA-defense-dominated genotype) but up-regulated the SA-pathway defense in the wild type and in a JA-defense-recessive genotype (jasmonate-deficient mutant). Our results suggest that, in terms of defense genes, secondary metabolites, and volatile organic compounds, induced defense of nematode-infected plants could be affected by elevated CO(2), and that CO(2)-induced changes of plant resistance may lead to genotype-specific responses of plants to nematodes under elevated CO(2). The changes in resistance against nematodes, however, were small relative to those reported for chewing insects.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated carbon dioxide reduced JA-pathway defense against M. incognita in wild-type tomato.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Material
- wild-typee0
- Treatment
- elevated CO(2)e0
- Interactor
- M. incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae0pathogen - Outcome
- JA-pathway defense against M. incognitae0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Genotypes”
e0“elevated CO(2) reduced the JA-pathway defense against M. incognita in the wild-type”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated carbon dioxide reduced JA-pathway defense against M. incognita in the JA-defense-dominated genotype.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- JA-defense-dominated genotypee0
- Treatment
- elevated CO(2)e0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- JA-pathway defense against M. incognitae0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Genotypes”
e0“elevated CO(2) reduced the JA-pathway defense against M. incognita in the wild-type and in a genotype in which defense is dominated by the JA pathway (a JA-defense-dominated genotype)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated carbon dioxide up-regulated SA-pathway defense in wild-type tomato.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- wild typee0
- Treatment
- elevated CO(2)e1
- Outcome
- SA-pathway defensee0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Genotypes”
e0“up-regulated the SA-pathway defense in the wild type”
e1“elevated CO(2) reduced the JA-pathway defense”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated carbon dioxide up-regulated SA-pathway defense in the JA-defense-recessive genotype.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- JA-defense-recessive genotypee0
- Treatment
- elevated CO(2)e1
- Outcome
- SA-pathway defensee0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Genotypes”
e0“up-regulated the SA-pathway defense in the wild type and in a JA-defense-recessive genotype (jasmonate-deficient mutant)”
e1“elevated CO(2) reduced the JA-pathway defense”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpreted elevated carbon dioxide effects on nematode resistance as genotype specific and relatively small compared with chewing insect effects.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- changes in resistance against nematodese1
- Qualifier
- small relative to those reported for chewing insectse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato Genotypes”
e0“CO(2)-induced changes of plant resistance may lead to genotype-specific responses of plants to nematodes under elevated CO(2)”
e1“changes in resistance against nematodes, however, were small relative to those reported for chewing insects”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · Meloidogyne incognita · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
co2 · disease · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.