Abstract
This study investigated the effect of pretreatments of nitric oxide (NO) and/or salicylic acid (SA) on alleviation of chilling stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was used as the NO source. Eleven-day-old wheat seedlings were pretreated with 0.1 mM SNP and/or 1 mM SA for 12 h and then exposed to chilling conditions (5/2°C day/night temperature) for 3 days. The rate of generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion () significantly increased in chilling-treated compared with control plants. Similarly, malondialdehyde content increased in chilling-treated plants. SNP and/or SA significantly decreased the rate of H2O2 and compared with only chilling-treated plants. Combined application of SNP and SA considerably reduced the rates of malondialdehyde, H2O2 and in chilling-treated seedlings. SNP and/or SA increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX), which contributed to ROS scavenging in wheat under chilling stress. The highest values for SOD, CAT and POX activities were observed in the combined application of SNP and SA under chilling stress. The results suggest that alleviation of chilling-stress induced oxidative damage was more efficient by the combined application of SNP and SA than by SNP or SA alone.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling significantly increased hydrogen peroxide and superoxide generation.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- chilling-treatede0
- Outcome
- rate of generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion ()e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rate of generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion () significantly increased in chilling-treated compared with control plants”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling increased malondialdehyde content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- chilling-treatede0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“malondialdehyde content increased in chilling-treated plants”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP and/or SA significantly decreased hydrogen peroxide generation compared with chilling alone.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- SNP and/or SAe0
- Outcome
- rate of H2O2e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- only chilling-treated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SNP and/or SA significantly decreased the rate of H2O2 and compared with only chilling-treated plants”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined SNP and SA reduced malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide rates in chilled seedlings.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Combined application of SNP and SAe0
- Outcome
- rates of malondialdehyde, H2O2e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined application of SNP and SA considerably reduced the rates of malondialdehyde, H2O2 and in chilling-treated seedlings”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP and/or SA increased SOD, CAT and POX activities during chilling.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- SNP and/or SAe0
- Outcome
- activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SNP and/or SA increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined SNP and SA gave the highest SOD, CAT and POX activities under chilling.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of SNP and SAe0
- Outcome
- SOD, CAT and POX activitiese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest values for SOD, CAT and POX activities were observed in the combined application of SNP and SA under chilling stress”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined SNP and SA more efficiently alleviated chilling induced oxidative damage than either alone.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- combined application of SNP and SAe0
- Outcome
- alleviation of chilling-stress induced oxidative damagee0
- Direction
- more efficiente0
- Comparator
- SNP or SA alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alleviation of chilling-stress induced oxidative damage was more efficient by the combined application of SNP and SA than by SNP or SA alone”
t0“wheat”
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