Abstract
Abstract The barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) epidemics, which occurred predominantly in northern Germany in 1988–90 and caused unusual yield losses of wheat, prompted our study on interactions of BYDV and Fusarium culmorum. At the late stages of plant development (EC 55/65) infections with BYDV resulted in a lower yield reduction of wheat plants than infections with F. culmorum. Combined infections at flowering resulted in severer yield reduction, indicating additive effects of the two pathogens. However, if wheat infected by BYDV at stage EC 25/35 was secondarily inoculated with the fungus at EC 55/65 the yield was less reduced than in combined infections at EC 55/65. Our results proved that the susceptibility of wheat plants to F. culmorum is increased when infection by BYDV takes place during the late stages of growth. These results correspond to observations during 3 years of the epidemic in Germany. In these years BYDV was spread mainly during the late spring, resulting in a severe secondary infection by the fungus. From the results of these investigations it may be concluded that during the years of BYDV epidemic the yield of wheat was reduced to an economically important extent because of the fungal infection, which was favoured by the virus infection.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
BYDV infection at late growth stages caused a lower yield reduction in wheat than F. culmorum infection.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Organ / stage
- late stages of plant development (EC 55/65)e1
- Treatment
- infections with BYDVe1
- Interactor
- BYDV
Barley yellow dwarf viruse1pathogen - Second interactor
- F. culmorum
.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium culmorume1pathogen - Outcome
- yield reductione1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Comparator
- infections with F. culmorume1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“At the late stages of plant development (EC 55/65) infections with BYDV resulted in a lower yield reduction of wheat plants than infections with F. culmorum”
t0“in Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined infections at flowering caused a severer yield reduction in wheat, indicating additive effects of the two pathogens.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Combined infections at floweringe2
- Outcome
- yield reductione2
- Direction
- severere2
- Qualifier
- indicating additive effects of the two pathogense2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Combined infections at flowering resulted in severer yield reduction, indicating additive effects of the two pathogens”
t0“in Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat infected by BYDV at EC 25/35 and then inoculated with the fungus at EC 55/65 had less yield reduction than combined infections at EC 55/65.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Organ / stage
- EC 25/35e3
- Treatment
- secondarily inoculated with the funguse3
- Interactor
- BYDVBarley yellow dwarf viruse3pathogen
- Second interactor
- the funguse3pathogen
- Outcome
- the yielde3
- Direction
- less reducede3
- Comparator
- combined infections at EC 55/65e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“if wheat infected by BYDV at stage EC 25/35 was secondarily inoculated with the fungus at EC 55/65 the yield was less reduced than in combined infections at EC 55/65”
t0“in Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
BYDV infection during late growth increased the susceptibility of wheat to F. culmorum.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume4
- Organ / stage
- late stages of growthe4
- Treatment
- infection by BYDVe4
- Interactor
- F. culmorumFusarium culmorume4pathogen
- Second interactor
- BYDVBarley yellow dwarf viruse4pathogen
- Outcome
- susceptibility of wheat plants to F. culmorume4
- Direction
- increasede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“the susceptibility of wheat plants to F. culmorum is increased when infection by BYDV takes place during the late stages of growth”
t0“in Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The yield of wheat was reduced to an economically important extent because of fungal infection favoured by virus infection.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Outcome
- the yield of wheat was reducede5
- Qualifier
- because of the fungal infection, which was favoured by the virus infectione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“the yield of wheat was reduced to an economically important extent because of the fungal infection, which was favoured by the virus infection”
t0“in Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
BYDV epidemics in northern Germany in 1988–90 caused unusual yield losses in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Outcome
- yield lossese6
- Qualifier
- unusuale6
- Setting
- northern Germany in 1988–90e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) epidemics, which occurred predominantly in northern Germany in 1988–90 and caused unusual yield losses of wheat”
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