Abstract
The effects of four waste residues from castor (Ricinus communis L.), rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.), linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) and wheat germ (Triticum aestivum L.) crops oil extraction as soil amendments at three rates (on base lower rate, recommended rate and higher rate), in comparison with the nematicide Nemacur 10% G were evaluated in greenhouse conditions (25 ± 5°C) at the National Research Center, Egypt, during two successive seasons on the physiological influence on the eggplant and on the infection by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. All the tested treatments significantly reduced the numbers of juveniles in soil or in roots, number of galls, egg-masses, gall and egg-mass indices and the rate of nematode build-up. Significant differences in the nematode stages were found within and between treatments. The percentage reduction in the nematode stages was greater with the use of wheat germ mill residues (WGMR) compound followed by castor seed mill residues (CAMR) compound, rocket seed mill residues (RSMR) and Nemacur 10% G. The application of linseed mill residues (LSMR) was the least effective in reducing the nematode stages. Regarding infected plants, all the evaluated amendments achieved significant increases in the almost shoot and root growth variables, total contents of photosynthetic pigments, phenolics and carbohydrates when compared with nematode inoculated and untreated plants. As for healthy plants, it is clear that all the doses of WGMR compound and the highest doses (3.75%, w/w) of the other additives had pronounced effect on the growth parameters and phenolic content of dry leaves of the eggplant. In addition, all the treatments increased photosynthetic pigments and carbohydrates content of the eggplant. These results indicate that some seed mill residues may be used as natural nematicides in controlling M. incognita nematode and improving the growth and some chemical composition of the eggplant.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
All tested soil amendments significantly reduced juveniles in soil or roots, galls and egg-masses of Meloidogyne incognita on eggplant, compared with the nematicide Nemacur
- Taxon
- eggplant
Solanum melongenae0 - Treatment
- soil amendmentse0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae0pest - Outcome
- numbers of juveniles in soil or in roots, number of galls, egg-massese1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- nematicide Nemacur 10% Ge0
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The effects of four waste residues from castor (Ricinus communis L.), rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.), linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) and wheat germ (Triticum aestivum L.) crops oil extraction as soil amendments at three rates (on base lower rate, recommended rate and higher rate), in comparison with the nematicide Nemacur 10% G were evaluated in greenhouse conditions (25 ± 5°C) at the National Research Center, Egypt, during two successive seasons on the physiological influence on the eggplant and on the infection by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita”
e1“All the tested treatments significantly reduced the numbers of juveniles in soil or in roots, number of galls, egg-masses, gall and egg-mass indices and the rate of nematode build-up”
Claim · model-written summary
All tested soil amendments significantly reduced gall and egg-mass indices and the rate of nematode build-up of Meloidogyne incognita on eggplant, compared with the nematicide Nemacur
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- soil amendmentse0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pest
- Outcome
- gall and egg-mass indices and the rate of nematode build-upe1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- nematicide Nemacur 10% Ge0
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of four waste residues from castor (Ricinus communis L.), rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.), linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) and wheat germ (Triticum aestivum L.) crops oil extraction as soil amendments at three rates (on base lower rate, recommended rate and higher rate), in comparison with the nematicide Nemacur 10% G were evaluated in greenhouse conditions (25 ± 5°C) at the National Research Center, Egypt, during two successive seasons on the physiological influence on the eggplant and on the infection by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita”
e1“All the tested treatments significantly reduced the numbers of juveniles in soil or in roots, number of galls, egg-masses, gall and egg-mass indices and the rate of nematode build-up”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat germ mill residues (WGMR) compound gave a greater percentage reduction in nematode stages than castor seed mill residues (CAMR) compound
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- wheat germ mill residues (WGMR) compounde2
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pest
- Outcome
- percentage reduction in the nematode stagese2
- Direction
- greatere2
- Comparator
- castor seed mill residues (CAMR) compounde2
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of four waste residues from castor (Ricinus communis L.), rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.), linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) and wheat germ (Triticum aestivum L.) crops oil extraction as soil amendments at three rates (on base lower rate, recommended rate and higher rate), in comparison with the nematicide Nemacur 10% G were evaluated in greenhouse conditions (25 ± 5°C) at the National Research Center, Egypt, during two successive seasons on the physiological influence on the eggplant and on the infection by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita”
e2“The percentage reduction in the nematode stages was greater with the use of wheat germ mill residues (WGMR) compound followed by castor seed mill residues (CAMR) compound, rocket seed mill residues (RSMR) and Nemacur 10% G”
Claim · model-written summary
Significant differences in nematode stages were found within and between soil amendment treatments
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- soil amendmentse0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pest
- Outcome
- nematode stagese3
- Comparator
- within and between treatmentse3
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of four waste residues from castor (Ricinus communis L.), rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.), linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) and wheat germ (Triticum aestivum L.) crops oil extraction as soil amendments at three rates (on base lower rate, recommended rate and higher rate), in comparison with the nematicide Nemacur 10% G were evaluated in greenhouse conditions (25 ± 5°C) at the National Research Center, Egypt, during two successive seasons on the physiological influence on the eggplant and on the infection by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita”
e3“Significant differences in the nematode stages were found within and between treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Linseed mill residues (LSMR) were the least effective amendment in reducing nematode stages of Meloidogyne incognita on eggplant
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- linseed mill residues (LSMR)e4
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pest
- Outcome
- effective in reducing the nematode stagese4
- Direction
- leaste4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of four waste residues from castor (Ricinus communis L.), rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.), linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) and wheat germ (Triticum aestivum L.) crops oil extraction as soil amendments at three rates (on base lower rate, recommended rate and higher rate), in comparison with the nematicide Nemacur 10% G were evaluated in greenhouse conditions (25 ± 5°C) at the National Research Center, Egypt, during two successive seasons on the physiological influence on the eggplant and on the infection by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita”
e4“The application of linseed mill residues (LSMR) was the least effective in reducing the nematode stages”
Claim · model-written summary
On infected eggplant, all evaluated amendments significantly increased shoot and root growth variables compared with nematode-inoculated untreated plants
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- evaluated amendmentse5
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pest
- Outcome
- shoot and root growth variablese5
- Direction
- increasese5
- Qualifier
- infected plantse5
- Comparator
- nematode inoculated and untreated plantse5
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of four waste residues from castor (Ricinus communis L.), rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.), linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) and wheat germ (Triticum aestivum L.) crops oil extraction as soil amendments at three rates (on base lower rate, recommended rate and higher rate), in comparison with the nematicide Nemacur 10% G were evaluated in greenhouse conditions (25 ± 5°C) at the National Research Center, Egypt, during two successive seasons on the physiological influence on the eggplant and on the infection by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita”
e5“Regarding infected plants, all the evaluated amendments achieved significant increases in the almost shoot and root growth variables, total contents of photosynthetic pigments, phenolics and carbohydrates when compared with nematode inoculated and untreated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
On infected eggplant, all evaluated amendments increased total contents of photosynthetic pigments, phenolics and carbohydrates compared with nematode-inoculated untreated plants
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- evaluated amendmentse5
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pest
- Outcome
- total contents of photosynthetic pigments, phenolics and carbohydratese5
- Direction
- increasese5
- Qualifier
- infected plantse5
- Comparator
- nematode inoculated and untreated plantse5
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of four waste residues from castor (Ricinus communis L.), rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.), linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) and wheat germ (Triticum aestivum L.) crops oil extraction as soil amendments at three rates (on base lower rate, recommended rate and higher rate), in comparison with the nematicide Nemacur 10% G were evaluated in greenhouse conditions (25 ± 5°C) at the National Research Center, Egypt, during two successive seasons on the physiological influence on the eggplant and on the infection by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita”
e5“Regarding infected plants, all the evaluated amendments achieved significant increases in the almost shoot and root growth variables, total contents of photosynthetic pigments, phenolics and carbohydrates when compared with nematode inoculated and untreated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
In healthy eggplant, all doses of wheat germ mill residues (WGMR) compound had a pronounced effect on growth parameters and phenolic content of dry leaves
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae6
- Treatment
- all the doses of WGMR compounde6
- Outcome
- growth parameters and phenolic content of dry leavese6
- Qualifier
- healthy plantse6
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of four waste residues from castor (Ricinus communis L.), rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.), linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) and wheat germ (Triticum aestivum L.) crops oil extraction as soil amendments at three rates (on base lower rate, recommended rate and higher rate), in comparison with the nematicide Nemacur 10% G were evaluated in greenhouse conditions (25 ± 5°C) at the National Research Center, Egypt, during two successive seasons on the physiological influence on the eggplant and on the infection by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita”
e6“As for healthy plants, it is clear that all the doses of WGMR compound and the highest doses (3.75%, w/w) of the other additives had pronounced effect on the growth parameters and phenolic content of dry leaves of the eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
In healthy eggplant, the highest doses (3.75%, w/w) of the other additives had a pronounced effect on growth parameters and phenolic content of dry leaves
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae6
- Treatment
- highest doses (3.75%, w/w) of the other additivese6
- Outcome
- growth parameters and phenolic content of dry leavese6
- Value
- 3.75%, w/we6
- Qualifier
- healthy plantse6
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of four waste residues from castor (Ricinus communis L.), rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.), linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) and wheat germ (Triticum aestivum L.) crops oil extraction as soil amendments at three rates (on base lower rate, recommended rate and higher rate), in comparison with the nematicide Nemacur 10% G were evaluated in greenhouse conditions (25 ± 5°C) at the National Research Center, Egypt, during two successive seasons on the physiological influence on the eggplant and on the infection by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita”
e6“As for healthy plants, it is clear that all the doses of WGMR compound and the highest doses (3.75%, w/w) of the other additives had pronounced effect on the growth parameters and phenolic content of dry leaves of the eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
All treatments increased photosynthetic pigments and carbohydrates content of eggplant
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae7
- Treatment
- all the treatmentse7
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigments and carbohydrates contente7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of four waste residues from castor (Ricinus communis L.), rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.), linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) and wheat germ (Triticum aestivum L.) crops oil extraction as soil amendments at three rates (on base lower rate, recommended rate and higher rate), in comparison with the nematicide Nemacur 10% G were evaluated in greenhouse conditions (25 ± 5°C) at the National Research Center, Egypt, during two successive seasons on the physiological influence on the eggplant and on the infection by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita”
e7“In addition, all the treatments increased photosynthetic pigments and carbohydrates content of the eggplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Some seed mill residues may be used as natural nematicides to control Meloidogyne incognita and improve eggplant growth
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae7
- Treatment
- some seed mill residuese7
- Outcome
- used as natural nematicides in controlling M. incognita nematodee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“These results indicate that some seed mill residues may be used as natural nematicides in controlling M. incognita nematode and improving the growth and some chemical composition of the eggplant”
The same questions in other papers
other · Meloidogyne incognita · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.