Abstract
Abstract Banana bunchy top disease caused by Banana bunchy top virus is the most serious viral disease of banana and plantain worldwide. The virus is transmitted by the aphid vector Pentalonia nigronervosa in a persistent manner. This paper deals with the effect of the interaction between plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria, Banana bunchy top virus, and the banana aphid Pentalonia nigronervosa in the expression of Pathogenesis-related proteins (PR-proteins) and defense enzymes in banana. The existence of virus in the aphids was confirmed by ELISA, DIBA and PCR. PCR could amplify 1100-bp replicase gene of BBTV from viruliferous aphids. A significant increase in the enzymatic activity of all measured PR proteins and defense enzymes, as compared to control plants, was seen in the plants inoculated with endophytic bacteria and challenged with viruliferous aphids. Native gel electrophoresis revealed expression of more isoforms of PR proteins viz., peroxidase and chitinase in the banana plants challenged with mixtures of plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria and viruliferous aphids. Enhanced activity of a PR-2 protein viz., β-1,3-glucanase was also noticed in the viruliferous aphids infested plants. Some of the defense-related enzymes viz., Polyphenol oxidase and Phenylalanine ammonia lyase and phenolic compounds were also upregulated, up to 5 days after aphid infestation and thereafter there was a reduction in the enzymatic activity. Thus, there exist a differential accumulation of PR proteins and defense-related enzymes, when there is tri-tropic interaction between endophytic bacteria, virus, and insect and the role of the endophytic bacteria in the defense mechanisms against insect pests needs to be elucidated.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
ELISA, DIBA and PCR confirmed virus in the aphids.
- Taxon
- bananae1
- Interactor
- Banana bunchy top virus
Banana bunchy top viruse1pathogen - Outcome
- virus in the aphidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The existence of virus in the aphids was confirmed by ELISA, DIBA and PCR.”
e1“Banana bunchy top disease caused by Banana bunchy top virus is the most serious viral disease of banana and plantain worldwide.”
Claim · model-written summary
PCR amplified a 1100-bp BBTV replicase gene from viruliferous aphids.
- Taxon
- bananae1
- Interactor
- Pentalonia nigronervosa
Pentalonia nigronervosae1pest - Outcome
- replicase gene of BBTVe0
- Value
- 1100-bpe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PCR could amplify 1100-bp replicase gene of BBTV from viruliferous aphids.”
e1“banana aphid Pentalonia nigronervosa”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated banana plants challenged with viruliferous aphids showed significantly increased activity of all measured PR proteins and defense enzymes versus controls.
- Taxon
- bananae1
- Treatment
- inoculated with endophytic bacteria and challenged with viruliferous aphidse0
- Interactor
- viruliferous aphidse0pest
- Second interactor
- endophytic bacteriae0symbiont
- Outcome
- enzymatic activity of all measured PR proteins and defense enzymese0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Verbatim
e0“A significant increase in the enzymatic activity of all measured PR proteins and defense enzymes, as compared to control plants, was seen in the plants inoculated with endophytic bacteria and challenged with viruliferous aphids.”
e1“defense enzymes in banana”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixtures of endophytic bacteria and viruliferous aphids induced more peroxidase and chitinase isoforms in banana.
- Taxon
- bananae0
- Treatment
- challenged with mixtures of plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria and viruliferous aphidse0
- Interactor
- viruliferous aphidse0pest
- Second interactor
- plant growth promoting endophytic bacteriae0symbiont
- Outcome
- isoforms of PR proteins viz., peroxidase and chitinasee0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Native gel electrophoresis revealed expression of more isoforms of PR proteins viz., peroxidase and chitinase in the banana plants challenged with mixtures of plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria and viruliferous aphids.”
Claim · model-written summary
Viruliferous aphid infestation enhanced β-1,3-glucanase activity.
Verbatim
e0“Enhanced activity of a PR-2 protein viz., β-1,3-glucanase was also noticed in the viruliferous aphids infested plants.”
e1“defense enzymes in banana”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and phenolic compounds increased through five days after aphid infestation, followed by reduced enzyme activity.
Verbatim
e0“Polyphenol oxidase and Phenylalanine ammonia lyase and phenolic compounds were also upregulated, up to 5 days after aphid infestation and thereafter there was a reduction in the enzymatic activity.”
e1“defense enzymes in banana”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · MusaPositive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
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See all 12 papers →infection · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · MusaResults agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.