Abstract
Olive (Olea europaea L.) mill waste disposal has led to a growing concern regarding the impact to the environment and human health. Several soil amendments have been used to improve the physical and chemical characteristics of root zone profiles and mixes. Olive mill waste (OW; olive stone and pulp) in ratios of 10%, 30%, or 50% was used for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), cv. Luana, seedling production and at 10% or 30% for greenhouse tomato cultivation. Substrates containing peat and OW suppressed plant emergence and increased mean emergence time. Seedling height and biomass was reduced when OW (especially at 50%) was added to substrates, but no differences were observed in the number of leaves produced. Under greenhouse conditions, adding OW (10%–30%) in soil reduced plant height and stem diameter up to 25% compared to the control, but no differences were observed in leaf number. Plant upper biomass and root fresh weight was similar in the 10% OW and control treatments but reduced in 30% OW. Plant yield decreased (up to 36%) when 30% OW was used due to decreased fruit number rather than fruit weight. Addition of OW (10%–30%) maintained fruit firmness but decreased tomato juice pH and electrical conductivity (EC), but no differences were observed in fruit total soluble solids. The EC and K and Na contents of the nutrient were greater in outflow from OW mixtures compared to the control; no differences occurred for pH and Ca content. After a 10-week period, plants grown in 30% OW exhibited phytotoxicity symptoms and reduced growth. Use of 10% OW can be used for seedling production and in greenhouse tomato crop production, maintaining yield and fruit firmness.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Substrates containing peat and olive mill waste suppressed tomato seedling emergence.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Material
- cv. Luanae0
- Treatment
- Substrates containing peat and OWe1
- Outcome
- plant emergencee1
- Direction
- suppressede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), cv. Luana”
e1“Substrates containing peat and OW suppressed plant emergence and increased mean emergence time”
Claim · model-written summary
Substrates containing peat and olive mill waste increased mean emergence time of tomato seedlings.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- cv. Luanae0
- Treatment
- Substrates containing peat and OWe1
- Outcome
- mean emergence timee1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), cv. Luana”
e1“Substrates containing peat and OW suppressed plant emergence and increased mean emergence time”
Claim · model-written summary
Olive mill waste at 50% reduced seedling height and biomass of tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- OW (especially at 50%)e2
- Outcome
- Seedling height and biomasse2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), cv. Luana”
e2“Seedling height and biomass was reduced when OW (especially at 50%) was added to substrates”
Claim · model-written summary
Olive mill waste at 50% did not change the number of leaves of tomato seedlings.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- OW (especially at 50%)e2
- Outcome
- number of leavese3
- Direction
- no differencese3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), cv. Luana”
e2“Seedling height and biomass was reduced when OW (especially at 50%) was added to substrates”
e3“but no differences were observed in the number of leaves produced”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 10–30% olive mill waste in soil reduced plant height and stem diameter of greenhouse tomato by up to 25% compared with control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- adding OW (10%–30%) in soile4
- Outcome
- plant height and stem diametere4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Value
- up to 25%e4
- Comparator
- controle4
- Setting
- Under greenhouse conditionse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), cv. Luana”
e4“Under greenhouse conditions, adding OW (10%–30%) in soil reduced plant height and stem diameter up to 25% compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 10–30% olive mill waste in soil did not change leaf number of greenhouse tomato compared with control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- adding OW (10%–30%) in soile4
- Outcome
- leaf numbere5
- Direction
- no differencese5
- Comparator
- controle4
- Setting
- Under greenhouse conditionse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), cv. Luana”
e4“Under greenhouse conditions, adding OW (10%–30%) in soil reduced plant height and stem diameter up to 25% compared to the control”
e5“but no differences were observed in leaf number”
Claim · model-written summary
Upper plant biomass and root fresh weight of tomato with 10% olive mill waste were similar to control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- 10% OWe6
- Outcome
- Plant upper biomass and root fresh weighte6
- Direction
- similare6
- Comparator
- control treatmentse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), cv. Luana”
e6“Plant upper biomass and root fresh weight was similar in the 10% OW and control treatments but reduced in 30% OW”
Claim · model-written summary
Upper plant biomass and root fresh weight of tomato were reduced with 30% olive mill waste.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- 30% OWe6
- Outcome
- Plant upper biomass and root fresh weighte6
- Direction
- reducede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), cv. Luana”
e6“Plant upper biomass and root fresh weight was similar in the 10% OW and control treatments but reduced in 30% OW”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato yield decreased by up to 36% with 30% olive mill waste, due to fewer fruits rather than lower fruit weight.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- 30% OWe7
- Outcome
- Plant yielde7
- Direction
- decreasede7
- Value
- up to 36%e7
- Qualifier
- due to decreased fruit number rather than fruit weighte7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), cv. Luana”
e7“Plant yield decreased (up to 36%) when 30% OW was used due to decreased fruit number rather than fruit weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 10–30% olive mill waste maintained tomato fruit firmness.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Addition of OW (10%–30%)e1
- Outcome
- fruit firmnesse1
- Direction
- maintainede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), cv. Luana”
e1“Addition of OW (10%–30%) maintained fruit firmness but decreased tomato juice pH and electrical conductivity (EC)”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 10–30% olive mill waste decreased tomato juice pH and electrical conductivity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Addition of OW (10%–30%)e1
- Outcome
- tomato juice pH and electrical conductivity (EC)e1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), cv. Luana”
e1“Addition of OW (10%–30%) maintained fruit firmness but decreased tomato juice pH and electrical conductivity (EC)”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 10–30% olive mill waste did not change fruit total soluble solids of tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Addition of OW (10%–30%)e1
- Outcome
- fruit total soluble solidse2
- Direction
- no differencese2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), cv. Luana”
e1“Addition of OW (10%–30%) maintained fruit firmness but decreased tomato juice pH and electrical conductivity (EC)”
e2“but no differences were observed in fruit total soluble solids”
Claim · model-written summary
EC, K and Na contents of the nutrient outflow were greater from olive mill waste mixtures than from control.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- OW mixturese1
- Outcome
- EC and K and Na contents of the nutriente1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), cv. Luana”
e1“The EC and K and Na contents of the nutrient were greater in outflow from OW mixtures compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Olive mill waste mixtures did not change pH and Ca content of the nutrient outflow.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- OW mixturese1
- Outcome
- pH and Ca contente2
- Direction
- no differencese2
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), cv. Luana”
e1“The EC and K and Na contents of the nutrient were greater in outflow from OW mixtures compared to the control”
e2“no differences occurred for pH and Ca content”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato plants grown in 30% olive mill waste showed phytotoxicity symptoms and reduced growth after 10 weeks.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- 30% OWe1
- Outcome
- phytotoxicity symptoms and reduced growthe1
- Qualifier
- After a 10-week periode1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), cv. Luana”
e1“After a 10-week period, plants grown in 30% OW exhibited phytotoxicity symptoms and reduced growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 10% olive mill waste for tomato seedling and greenhouse production.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Outcome
- Use of 10% OWe1
- Qualifier
- maintaining yield and fruit firmnesse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Use of 10% OW can be used for seedling production and in greenhouse tomato crop production, maintaining yield and fruit firmness”
The same questions in other papers
growing medium · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
42 papers in the same direction as this paper · 126 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
165 papers more in this group
See all 169 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.