Abstract
Abstract Gibberellic acid (GA) is presently used to break dormancy of cereal grains prior to germination testing. The increased use of vigor testing has led to an interest in the applicability of GA in breaking dormancy prior to vigor testing. The present study identifies the vigor criteria which are most suitable for the incorporation of GA in the testing procedure. The influence of GA (10 μ M), artificial aging (41 C, 100% RH, 4 days), initial vigor level (high, medium, and low) and various interactions of these factors on the germination and vigor assessment of ‘Himalaya’ barley ( Hordeum vulgare L., cv. Himalaya) seeds were determined. High vigor seeds exhibited higher germination, higher dry weight production and longer mean plumule than did medium and low vigor seeds. Artificial aging decreased germination of all vigor levels, with the greatest decrease exhibited by medium and low vigor seed lots. Artificial aging also decreased the mean plumule length and dry weight production. Exogenous GA slightly decreased the germination of aged and unaged seeds at Day 7, but not at Day 4. This decrease, however, did not affect germination test interpretations. Gibberellic acid also increased the mean plumule length but did not affect dry weight production or the number of abnormal seedlings. We conclude that physiological levels of GA did not adversely affect germination test results. Furthermore, GA did not affect the interpretation of vigor tests when measuring germination (7 and 4 day count) or dry weight production. However, GA did increase plumule length which suggests that this is a poor vigor criterion when using GA to break dormancy of barley seeds.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
High vigor seeds had higher germination than medium and low vigor seeds.
- Taxon
- Barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Material
- High vigor seedse0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- medium and low vigor seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“High vigor seeds exhibited higher germination, higher dry weight production and longer mean plumule than did medium and low vigor seeds.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
High vigor seeds had higher dry weight production than medium and low vigor seeds.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- High vigor seedse0
- Outcome
- dry weight productione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- medium and low vigor seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High vigor seeds exhibited higher germination, higher dry weight production and longer mean plumule than did medium and low vigor seeds.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
High vigor seeds had longer mean plumules than medium and low vigor seeds.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- High vigor seedse0
- Outcome
- mean plumulee0
- Direction
- longere0
- Comparator
- medium and low vigor seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High vigor seeds exhibited higher germination, higher dry weight production and longer mean plumule than did medium and low vigor seeds.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Artificial aging decreased germination across all vigor levels, most in medium and low vigor lots.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Artificial aginge0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- greatest decrease exhibited by medium and low vigor seed lotse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Artificial aging decreased germination of all vigor levels, with the greatest decrease exhibited by medium and low vigor seed lots.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Artificial aging decreased mean plumule length and dry weight production.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Artificial aginge0
- Outcome
- mean plumule length and dry weight productione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Artificial aging also decreased the mean plumule length and dry weight production.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous GA slightly decreased Day 7 germination in aged and unaged seeds.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Exogenous GAe0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- aged and unaged seeds at Day 7e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous GA slightly decreased the germination of aged and unaged seeds at Day 7, but not at Day 4.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous GA did not decrease Day 4 germination.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Exogenous GAe0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- note0
- Qualifier
- Day 4e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous GA slightly decreased the germination of aged and unaged seeds at Day 7, but not at Day 4.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
GA increased mean plumule length.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Gibberellic acide0
- Outcome
- mean plumule lengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gibberellic acid also increased the mean plumule length but did not affect dry weight production or the number of abnormal seedlings.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
GA did not affect dry weight production or abnormal seedling number.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Gibberellic acide0
- Outcome
- dry weight production or the number of abnormal seedlingse0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gibberellic acid also increased the mean plumule length but did not affect dry weight production or the number of abnormal seedlings.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
GA did not adversely affect germination test results or interpretation of germination and dry weight vigor tests.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- interpretation of vigor testse0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Furthermore, GA did not affect the interpretation of vigor tests when measuring germination (7 and 4 day count) or dry weight production.”
t0“Barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Plumule length is a poor vigor criterion when GA is used to break barley seed dormancy.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- GAe0
- Outcome
- poor vigor criterione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, GA did increase plumule length which suggests that this is a poor vigor criterion when using GA to break dormancy of barley seeds.”
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