Abstract
Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) seedlings were grown in aeroponic chambers which allowed for easy access to and easy harvesting of undamaged roots. In different portions of these roots we followed the rate of ethylene production, levels of 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC), N‐malonyl‐ACC and ACC oxidase mRNA and activity of ACC oxidase. ACC oxidase was measured with an in vitro assay, ACC and N‐malonyl‐ACC by selected ion monitoring gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Ethylene production was highest in the tip of the root and tower in the middle and basal (part nearest the hypocotyl) portions of the root. The levels of ACC and ACC oxidase mRNA mirrored the levels of ethylene production. The lowest quantities of N‐malonyl‐ACC were found in the root tips. Upon gentle transfer of seedlings from an aeroponic system to treatment tubes, ACC content transiently increased; the greatest increase occurred in the tips. This brief rise in ACC content was not correlated with an increase in ethylene production. ACC oxidase activity was lowest in the tip and higher in the middle and base; the opposite of the pattern of ethylene production. Treating the seedlings with ACC produced a rapid rise in ACC content and ethylene production and inhibited root elongation. ACC oxidase activity was not induced by ACC treatment.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene production was highest at root tips and lower in middle and basal roots.
- Taxon
- Sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Organ / stage
- tip of the roote0
- Outcome
- Ethylene productione0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethylene production was highest in the tip of the root and tower in the middle and basal (part nearest the hypocotyl) portions of the root.”
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus)”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC levels mirrored ethylene production across root portions.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Compound
- ACCe0
- Outcome
- levels of ethylene productione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The levels of ACC and ACC oxidase mRNA mirrored the levels of ethylene production.”
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus)”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC oxidase mRNA levels mirrored ethylene production.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Gene
- ACC oxidase mRNAe0
- Outcome
- levels of ethylene productione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The levels of ACC and ACC oxidase mRNA mirrored the levels of ethylene production.”
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus)”
Claim · model-written summary
N-malonyl-ACC was lowest at root tips.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- root tipse0
- Outcome
- quantities of N‐malonyl‐ACCe0
- Direction
- loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest quantities of N‐malonyl‐ACC were found in the root tips.”
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Transfer transiently increased ACC content, most at root tips.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- tipse0
- Treatment
- gentle transfer of seedlings from an aeroponic system to treatment tubese0
- Outcome
- ACC contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Upon gentle transfer of seedlings from an aeroponic system to treatment tubes, ACC content transiently increased; the greatest increase occurred in the tips.”
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus)”
Claim · model-written summary
The transient ACC rise was not correlated with ethylene production increase.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Compound
- ACCe0
- Outcome
- ethylene productione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This brief rise in ACC content was not correlated with an increase in ethylene production.”
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus)”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC oxidase activity was lowest at the tip and higher in middle and basal roots.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Organ / stage
- tipe0
- Outcome
- ACC oxidase activitye0
- Direction
- loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ACC oxidase activity was lowest in the tip and higher in the middle and base; the opposite of the pattern of ethylene production.”
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus)”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC treatment rapidly raised root ACC content.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- ACCe0
- Outcome
- ACC contente0
- Direction
- risee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treating the seedlings with ACC produced a rapid rise in ACC content and ethylene production and inhibited root elongation.”
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus)”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC treatment rapidly raised ethylene production.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- ACCe0
- Outcome
- ethylene productione0
- Direction
- risee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treating the seedlings with ACC produced a rapid rise in ACC content and ethylene production and inhibited root elongation.”
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus)”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC treatment inhibited root elongation.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- ACCe0
- Outcome
- root elongatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treating the seedlings with ACC produced a rapid rise in ACC content and ethylene production and inhibited root elongation.”
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus)”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC treatment did not induce ACC oxidase activity.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- ACC treatmente0
- Outcome
- ACC oxidase activitye0
- Direction
- not inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ACC oxidase activity was not induced by ACC treatment.”
t0“sunflower (Helianthus annuus)”
The same questions in other papers
1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.