Abstract
Abstract The relative toxicity of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) on the growth performance of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was measured. Lead and Zn resulted in an increase in dry matter production at the lower additions. All the Cd and the higher Pb and Zn additions resulted in significant decreases in growth over the controls, the roots showing a greater decrease in dry matter accumulation than did shoots. Roots accumulated higher amounts of Cd, Pb, and Zn in direct proportion to that soil‐applied. A significant inverse relationship between relative yield and tissue element concentration was observed. Toxicity occurred in the following order: Cd > Pb > Zn. Threshold concentration, critical tissue concentrations, and loading rates to produce a 10% yield reduction were also calculated. Our study indicates the possibility of estimating barley yield based on plant tissue Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Low lead additions increased barley dry matter production.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- Leade0
- Outcome
- dry matter productione0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- lower additionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“Lead and Zn resulted in an increase in dry matter production at the lower additions”
Claim · model-written summary
Low zinc additions increased barley dry matter production.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Zne0
- Outcome
- dry matter productione0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- lower additionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“Lead and Zn resulted in an increase in dry matter production at the lower additions”
Claim · model-written summary
All cadmium additions significantly decreased barley growth versus controls.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“All the Cd and the higher Pb and Zn additions resulted in significant decreases in growth over the controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher lead additions significantly decreased barley growth versus controls.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Pbe0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Qualifier
- highere0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“All the Cd and the higher Pb and Zn additions resulted in significant decreases in growth over the controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher zinc additions significantly decreased barley growth versus controls.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Zne0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- decreasese0
- Qualifier
- highere0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“All the Cd and the higher Pb and Zn additions resulted in significant decreases in growth over the controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley root dry matter decreased more than shoot dry matter under high metal additions.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- greater decreasee0
- Comparator
- shootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“the roots showing a greater decrease in dry matter accumulation than did shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley roots accumulated cadmium, lead and zinc in direct proportion to soil application.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- Rootse0
- Treatment
- soil‐appliede0
- Outcome
- higher amounts of Cd, Pb, and Zne0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“Roots accumulated higher amounts of Cd, Pb, and Zn in direct proportion to that soil‐applied”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley relative yield was significantly inversely related to tissue element concentration.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- tissuee0
- Outcome
- relative yielde0
- Direction
- inversee0
- Qualifier
- tissue element concentratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“A significant inverse relationship between relative yield and tissue element concentration was observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative metal toxicity for barley ranked cadmium above lead above zinc.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- Toxicitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“Toxicity occurred in the following order: Cd > Pb > Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
Threshold concentration, critical tissue concentrations and loading rates for 10% barley yield reduction were calculated.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- Threshold concentration, critical tissue concentrations, and loading ratese0
- Value
- 10%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“Threshold concentration, critical tissue concentrations, and loading rates to produce a 10% yield reduction were also calculated”
The same questions in other papers
lead atom · growth · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results differ
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- positive
- positive
- negative
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See all 13 papers →zinc atom · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results differ
29 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
32 papers more in this group
See all 36 papers →zinc atom · growth · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results differ
17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 25 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
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39 papers more in this group
See all 43 papers →cadmium atom · growth · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results differ
42 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
44 papers more in this group
See all 48 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.