Abstract
We showed previously that grafting transmitted silencing occurred when transgenic ACC oxidase 1 (ACO1) overexpressing tomato plants that also produced siRNAs were grafted onto transgenic stocks that already showed strong silencing. The presence of siRNAs in these overexpressing scions may indicate that silencing, though inefficient, may already occur at a low level before grafting. To test if a silencing state with a relatively high level of target mRNA can be shifted towards further more effective silencing, we grafted an ACO1 antisense (AS) line with a high level of antisense ACO1 transgene mRNA and low level of siRNAs to the ACO1 strong silencer stock. The AS mRNA level was reduced dramatically two weeks after grafting. More interestingly, self-grafting of ACO1 overexpressers and AS lines also induced strong silencing in the scions. We suggest that grafting transmitted silencing may involve the switching from an inefficient or weak silencing state to a stronger silencing by a systemic silencing signal, similar to the change of silencing states that sometimes occurs during development. Control experiments using non-transgenic stocks designed to test whether wounding alone is responsible for generating a signal that enhances silencing in transgenic scions gave negative results. We propose that the build-up of silencing signal and/or molecules at both sides of the grafting junction and their sudden release when the phloem is reconnected may be critical to grafting transmitted silencing.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting the ACO1 antisense line onto a strong silencer stock dramatically reduced antisense mRNA after two weeks.
- Taxon
- tomato plants
Solanum lycopersicume2 - Treatment
- grafted an ACO1 antisense (AS) line with a high level of antisense ACO1 transgene mRNA and low level of siRNAs to the ACO1 strong silencer stocke1
- Gene
- ACO1e1
- Outcome
- AS mRNA levele0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- two weeks after graftinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The AS mRNA level was reduced dramatically two weeks after grafting.”
e1“we grafted an ACO1 antisense (AS) line with a high level of antisense ACO1 transgene mRNA and low level of siRNAs to the ACO1 strong silencer stock.”
e2“transgenic ACC oxidase 1 (ACO1) overexpressing tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Self-grafting ACO1 overexpressers induced strong silencing in scions.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Material
- ACO1 overexpresserse0
- Treatment
- self-graftinge0
- Gene
- ACO1e0
- Outcome
- strong silencing in the scionse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“self-grafting of ACO1 overexpressers and AS lines also induced strong silencing in the scions.”
e1“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Self-grafting ACO1 antisense lines induced strong silencing in scions.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Material
- AS linese0
- Treatment
- self-graftinge0
- Gene
- ACO1e0
- Outcome
- strong silencing in the scionse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“self-grafting of ACO1 overexpressers and AS lines also induced strong silencing in the scions.”
e1“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Control grafts on non-transgenic stocks did not support wounding alone as the silencing signal.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- wounding alonee0
- Outcome
- signal that enhances silencing in transgenic scionse0
- Direction
- negative resultse0
- Comparator
- non-transgenic stockse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Control experiments using non-transgenic stocks designed to test whether wounding alone is responsible for generating a signal that enhances silencing in transgenic scions gave negative results.”
e1“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest a systemic silencing signal switches weak silencing to stronger silencing after grafting.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- graftinge0
- Outcome
- stronger silencinge0
- Qualifier
- systemic silencing signale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grafting transmitted silencing may involve the switching from an inefficient or weak silencing state to a stronger silencing by a systemic silencing signal”
e1“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose accumulated silencing signal or molecules released at phloem reconnection may be critical to graft-transmitted silencing.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Outcome
- grafting transmitted silencinge0
- Qualifier
- the build-up of silencing signal and/or molecules at both sides of the grafting junction and their sudden release when the phloem is reconnectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the build-up of silencing signal and/or molecules at both sides of the grafting junction and their sudden release when the phloem is reconnected may be critical to grafting transmitted silencing.”
e1“tomato plants”
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