Abstract
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants were exposed, in controlled environments with 2.7 kJ/(m 2 ∙ day) background ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation from fluorescent and incandescent lamps, to ambient (380 μL ∙ L −1 ) or elevated (600 μL −1 ) CO 2 combined with a total of 7.2 or 13.1 kJ/(m 2 ∙ day) UV-B radiation to determine effects on growth and photosynthesis. Ten consecutive days of exposure to the higher level of UV-B significantly reduced total and stem dry weight, leaf area, and plant height compared with the lower level. Only leaf area and plant height were significantly reduced after 19 consecutive days of exposure. To investigate whether plants recover from UV-B damage, the UV-B exposures were halted for 3 days after 19 days of UV-B exposure and then restarted for a further 2 days. The largest reduction in plant growth was found after 3 days with no UV-B followed by 2 days of the higher level of UV-B. Plants did not recover from UV-B damage during the 3 days with background UV-B. Significant CO 2 xUV-B interactions were detected on stem dry weight after 10 consecutive days of the higher level of UV-B and on total dry weight, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, and plant height after 3 days with no UV-B followed by 2 days of the higher level of UV-B. The higher dose of enhanced UV-B resulted in more severe damage at 600 μL ∙ L −1 CO 2 , than at ambient CO 2 . The higher level of UV-B did not affect the leaf net photosynthesis rate on a leaf area basis, although this UV-B level may have inhibited tomato growth through reducing the photosynthetic area. UV-absorbing compounds in leaves in the highest UV-B radiation level for 19 days were greater than for leaves with the lower dose. These UV-absorbing compounds in the higher UV-B dose diminished more than in the lower dose plants during the 3 days without UV-B. The UV-absorbing compounds maintained by plants exposed to the highest level of UV-B radiation may have protected plants from UV-B damage, particularly between 10 and 19 consecutive days of exposure. Key words: CO 2 , growth, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., photosynthesis, tomato, ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B), UV-absorbing compounds.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Higher UV-B significantly reduced total and stem dry weight, leaf area, and height after ten days.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- higher level of UV-Be0
- Outcome
- total and stem dry weight, leaf area, and plant heighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- lower levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ten consecutive days of exposure to the higher level of UV-B significantly reduced total and stem dry weight, leaf area, and plant height compared with the lower level.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
After nineteen days, higher UV-B significantly reduced leaf area and height.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- exposuree0
- Outcome
- leaf area and plant heighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- after 19 consecutive dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only leaf area and plant height were significantly reduced after 19 consecutive days of exposure.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth reduction was greatest after a three-day UV-B pause followed by higher UV-B.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- largest reductione0
- Qualifier
- after 3 days with no UV-B followed by 2 days of the higher level of UV-Be0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The largest reduction in plant growth was found after 3 days with no UV-B followed by 2 days of the higher level of UV-B.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants did not recover during three days with background UV-B.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- did not recover from UV-B damagee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants did not recover from UV-B damage during the 3 days with background UV-B.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
CO2 and UV-B interacted significantly for stem dry weight after ten days.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- CO 2 xUV-Be0
- Outcome
- stem dry weighte0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant CO 2 xUV-B interactions were detected on stem dry weight after 10 consecutive days of the higher level of UV-B”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
CO2 and UV-B interacted significantly for dry weights and height after the exposure interruption.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- higher level of UV-Be0
- Outcome
- total dry weight, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, and plant heighte0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on total dry weight, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, and plant height after 3 days with no UV-B followed by 2 days of the higher level of UV-B”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced UV-B caused more severe damage at elevated than ambient CO2.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- higher dose of enhanced UV-Be0
- Outcome
- damagee0
- Direction
- more severee0
- Comparator
- ambient CO 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The higher dose of enhanced UV-B resulted in more severe damage at 600 μL ∙ L −1 CO 2 , than at ambient CO 2 .”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher UV-B did not affect leaf net photosynthesis per area.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- higher level of UV-Be0
- Outcome
- leaf net photosynthesis rate on a leaf area basise0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The higher level of UV-B did not affect the leaf net photosynthesis rate on a leaf area basis”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves under highest UV-B had more UV-absorbing compounds after nineteen days.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- highest UV-B radiation levele0
- Outcome
- UV-absorbing compounds in leavese0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- lower dosee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“UV-absorbing compounds in leaves in the highest UV-B radiation level for 19 days were greater than for leaves with the lower dose.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-absorbing compounds declined more during the UV-B interruption in higher-dose plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- higher UV-B dosee0
- Outcome
- UV-absorbing compoundse0
- Direction
- diminished moree0
- Comparator
- lower dose plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These UV-absorbing compounds in the higher UV-B dose diminished more than in the lower dose plants during the 3 days without UV-B.”
t0“tomato”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.