Abstract
A number of APETALA2 (AP2)/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF) genes have been shown to function in abiotic and biotic stress responses, and these genes are often induced by multiple stresses. We report here the characterization of an AP2/ERF gene in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) that is specifically induced during hypoxia. We show that under normoxic conditions, the expression of AtERF73/HRE1 can be induced by exogenous addition of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid and that a combination of hypoxia and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid results in hyperinduction of AtERF73/HRE1 expression. In addition, hypoxic induction of AtERF73/HRE1 is reduced but not completely abolished in ethylene-insensitive mutants and in the presence of inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis and responses. These results suggest that, in addition to ethylene, an ethylene-independent signal is also required to mediate hypoxic induction of AtERF73/HRE1. To assess the role of AtERF73/HRE1, we generated three independent RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown lines of AtERF73/HRE1. Under normoxic conditions, the AtERF73/HRE1-RNAi seedlings displayed increased ethylene sensitivity and exaggerated triple responses, indicating that AtERF73/HRE1 might play a negative regulatory role in modulating ethylene responses. Gas chromatography analyses showed that the production of ethylene was similar between wild-type and RNAi lines under hypoxia. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that hypoxia-inducible genes could be affected by AtERF73/HRE1-RNAi lines in two different ways: hypoxic induction of glycolytic and fermentative genes was reduced, whereas induction of a number of peroxidase and cytochrome P450 genes was increased. Taken together, our results show that AtERF73/HRE1 is involved in modulating ethylene responses under both normoxia and hypoxia.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
An AP2/ERF gene in Arabidopsis is specifically induced during hypoxia.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Treatment
- hypoxiae0
- Gene
- AP2/ERF genee0
- Outcome
- specifically inducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an AP2/ERF gene in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) that is specifically induced during hypoxia”
Claim · model-written summary
Under normoxia, AtERF73/HRE1 expression was induced by exogenous 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- exogenous addition of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acide1
- Gene
- AtERF73/HRE1e1
- Outcome
- expressione1
- Direction
- inducede1
- Setting
- normoxic conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e1“under normoxic conditions, the expression of AtERF73/HRE1 can be induced by exogenous addition of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined hypoxia and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid resulted in hyperinduction of AtERF73/HRE1 expression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- combination of hypoxia and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acide2
- Gene
- AtERF73/HRE1e2
- Outcome
- expressione2
- Direction
- hyperinductione2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e2“a combination of hypoxia and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid results in hyperinduction of AtERF73/HRE1 expression”
Claim · model-written summary
Hypoxic induction of AtERF73/HRE1 was reduced but not completely abolished in ethylene-insensitive mutants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- ethylene-insensitive mutantse3
- Gene
- AtERF73/HRE1e3
- Outcome
- hypoxic inductione3
- Direction
- reducede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e3“hypoxic induction of AtERF73/HRE1 is reduced but not completely abolished in ethylene-insensitive mutants”
Claim · model-written summary
Hypoxic induction of AtERF73/HRE1 was reduced but not completely abolished in the presence of inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis and responses.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis and responsese4
- Gene
- AtERF73/HRE1e4
- Outcome
- hypoxic inductione4
- Direction
- reducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e4“hypoxic induction of AtERF73/HRE1 is reduced but not completely abolished in ethylene-insensitive mutants and in the presence of inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis and responses”
Claim · model-written summary
In addition to ethylene, an ethylene-independent signal is also required to mediate hypoxic induction of AtERF73/HRE1.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- AtERF73/HRE1e5
- Compound
- ethylenee5
- Outcome
- hypoxic inductione5
- Qualifier
- ethylene-independent signale5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e5“in addition to ethylene, an ethylene-independent signal is also required to mediate hypoxic induction of AtERF73/HRE1”
Claim · model-written summary
Under normoxia, AtERF73/HRE1-RNAi seedlings displayed increased ethylene sensitivity and exaggerated triple responses.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse6
- Treatment
- AtERF73/HRE1-RNAie6
- Gene
- AtERF73/HRE1e6
- Outcome
- ethylene sensitivity and exaggerated triple responsese6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Setting
- normoxic conditionse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e6“Under normoxic conditions, the AtERF73/HRE1-RNAi seedlings displayed increased ethylene sensitivity and exaggerated triple responses”
Claim · model-written summary
AtERF73/HRE1 might play a negative regulatory role in modulating ethylene responses.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- AtERF73/HRE1e7
- Outcome
- ethylene responsese7
- Qualifier
- negative regulatory rolee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e7“indicating that AtERF73/HRE1 might play a negative regulatory role in modulating ethylene responses”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene production was similar between wild-type and RNAi lines under hypoxia.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- RNAi linese0
- Treatment
- hypoxiae0
- Outcome
- production of ethylenee0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- wild-typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e0“the production of ethylene was similar between wild-type and RNAi lines under hypoxia”
Claim · model-written summary
In AtERF73/HRE1-RNAi lines, hypoxic induction of glycolytic and fermentative genes was reduced.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- AtERF73/HRE1-RNAi linese1
- Gene
- glycolytic and fermentative genese1
- Outcome
- hypoxic induction of glycolytic and fermentative genese1
- Direction
- reducede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e1“hypoxia-inducible genes could be affected by AtERF73/HRE1-RNAi lines in two different ways: hypoxic induction of glycolytic and fermentative genes was reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
In AtERF73/HRE1-RNAi lines, induction of a number of peroxidase and cytochrome P450 genes was increased.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- AtERF73/HRE1-RNAi linese2
- Gene
- peroxidase and cytochrome P450 genese2
- Outcome
- induction of a number of peroxidase and cytochrome P450 genese2
- Direction
- increasede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis”
e2“hypoxia-inducible genes could be affected by AtERF73/HRE1-RNAi lines in two different ways: hypoxic induction of glycolytic and fermentative genes was reduced, whereas induction of a number of peroxidase and cytochrome P450 genes was increased”
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