Abstract
Abstract The tomato fruitborer, Helicoverpa armigera Hub., and the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Genn., can not be easily controlled in tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. The insects are capable of rapidly evolving resistance to insecticides. Exploiting resistance mechanisms is a sustainable strategy to combat these pests. Resistance to these pests was identified in tomato accessions by evaluating resistance mechanisms. Among the accessions screened for whitefly resistance, ‘LE 598’ had more trichomes (72/mm2) on both leaf surfaces. Similarly, ‘LE 104’ had 53.0/mm2, and is resistant to fruitborer. Whiteflies preferred to lay more eggs on the abaxial (4.0 to 31.5/leaf) than on the adaxial leaf surface (1.0 to 24.5/leaf). Accession ‘COTLCVRH 1’ had the lowest number of eggs on the abaxial surface (4.0 eggs/leaf) and 1.0 egg/leaf on the adaxial surface. There was a linear relationship between trichome density and oviposition preference by whitefly (r = 0.91). Trichomes were most dense on ‘LE 104’ and it was preferred for oviposition with a mean of 42.0 (adaxial surface) and 45.3 (abaxial surface) eggs/leaf; a linear relationship was also observed between trichome density and oviposition preference by fruitborer (r = 0.52). When larvae were fed with water soluble plant extracts from selected tomato accessions, development was significantly reduced in accessions ‘LE 18’ and ‘LE 1223’. Larval mortality was highest with 56.7% in ‘LE 470’, while the highest pupal mortality (43.3%) was observed in ‘LE 18’. Highest larval period (22 d) was for larvae on ‘LE 1223’, while the lowest (16.7 d) was on the susceptible accession ‘LE 4’. The pupal period was also lowest on ‘LE 4’ (6.3 d). The maximum percent adult emergence (80.0%) was on the susceptible accession ‘LE 4’. The influence of trichomes and secondary metabolites in tomato accessions was correlated with the possible resistance to fruitborer and whitefly.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Among accessions screened for whitefly resistance, LE 598 had more trichomes (72/mm2) on both leaf surfaces.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e1“‘LE 598’ had more trichomes (72/mm2) on both leaf surfaces”
Claim · model-written summary
LE 104 had 53.0 trichomes/mm2.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Material
- LE 104e1
- Outcome
- trichomese1
- Value
- 53.0/mm2e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e1“‘LE 598’ had more trichomes (72/mm2) on both leaf surfaces. Similarly, ‘LE 104’ had 53.0/mm2”
Claim · model-written summary
LE 104 is resistant to fruitborer.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- LE 104e1
- Interactor
- fruitborere1pest
- Outcome
- resistant to fruitborere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e1“‘LE 104’ had 53.0/mm2, and is resistant to fruitborer”
e2“The tomato fruitborer, Helicoverpa armigera Hub.”
Claim · model-written summary
Whiteflies preferred to lay more eggs on the abaxial than on the adaxial leaf surface of tomato accessions.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- WhitefliesAleyrodoideae1pest
- Outcome
- eggse1
- Direction
- moree1
- Value
- 4.0 to 31.5/leafe1
- Comparator
- adaxial leaf surfacee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e1“Whiteflies preferred to lay more eggs on the abaxial (4.0 to 31.5/leaf) than on the adaxial leaf surface (1.0 to 24.5/leaf)”
Claim · model-written summary
Accession COTLCVRH 1 had the lowest number of eggs on the abaxial leaf surface (4.0 eggs/leaf).
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- COTLCVRH 1e1
- Outcome
- number of eggs on the abaxial surfacee1
- Direction
- loweste1
- Value
- 4.0 eggs/leafe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e1“Accession ‘COTLCVRH 1’ had the lowest number of eggs on the abaxial surface (4.0 eggs/leaf)”
Claim · model-written summary
Accession COTLCVRH 1 had 1.0 egg/leaf on the adaxial leaf surface.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- COTLCVRH 1e1
- Outcome
- eggse1
- Value
- 1.0 egg/leafe1
- Qualifier
- adaxial surfacee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e1“Accession ‘COTLCVRH 1’ had the lowest number of eggs on the abaxial surface (4.0 eggs/leaf) and 1.0 egg/leaf on the adaxial surface”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichome density was linearly related to whitefly oviposition preference, with a positive correlation (r = 0.91).
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- whiteflye1pest
- Outcome
- oviposition preferencee1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- r = 0.91e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e1“There was a linear relationship between trichome density and oviposition preference by whitefly (r = 0.91)”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichomes were most dense on LE 104.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- LE 104e1
- Outcome
- Trichomese1
- Direction
- most densee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e1“Trichomes were most dense on ‘LE 104’”
Claim · model-written summary
LE 104 had a mean of 42.0 eggs/leaf for oviposition on the adaxial surface.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- LE 104e1
- Outcome
- ovipositione1
- Value
- 42.0e1
- Qualifier
- adaxial surfacee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e1“Trichomes were most dense on ‘LE 104’ and it was preferred for oviposition with a mean of 42.0 (adaxial surface) and 45.3 (abaxial surface) eggs/leaf”
Claim · model-written summary
LE 104 had a mean of 45.3 eggs/leaf for oviposition on the abaxial surface.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- LE 104e1
- Outcome
- ovipositione1
- Value
- 45.3e1
- Qualifier
- abaxial surfacee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e1“Trichomes were most dense on ‘LE 104’ and it was preferred for oviposition with a mean of 42.0 (adaxial surface) and 45.3 (abaxial surface) eggs/leaf”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichome density was linearly related to fruitborer oviposition preference, with a positive correlation (r = 0.52).
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- fruitborere1pest
- Outcome
- oviposition preferencee1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- r = 0.52e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e1“a linear relationship was also observed between trichome density and oviposition preference by fruitborer (r = 0.52)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-soluble extracts of tomato accessions significantly reduced larval development in LE 18.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- LE 18e1
- Treatment
- water soluble plant extractse1
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa armigera
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=60)
Helicoverpa armigerae2pest - Outcome
- developmente1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e1“When larvae were fed with water soluble plant extracts from selected tomato accessions, development was significantly reduced in accessions ‘LE 18’ and ‘LE 1223’”
e2“The tomato fruitborer, Helicoverpa armigera Hub.”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-soluble extracts of tomato accessions significantly reduced larval development in LE 1223.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- LE 1223e1
- Treatment
- water soluble plant extractse1
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae2pest
- Outcome
- developmente1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e1“When larvae were fed with water soluble plant extracts from selected tomato accessions, development was significantly reduced in accessions ‘LE 18’ and ‘LE 1223’”
e2“The tomato fruitborer, Helicoverpa armigera Hub.”
Claim · model-written summary
Larval mortality was highest (56.7%) in LE 470.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- LE 470e1
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae2pest
- Outcome
- Larval mortalitye1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 56.7%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e1“Larval mortality was highest with 56.7% in ‘LE 470’”
e2“The tomato fruitborer, Helicoverpa armigera Hub.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pupal mortality was highest (43.3%) in LE 18.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- LE 18e1
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae2pest
- Outcome
- pupal mortalitye1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 43.3%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e1“the highest pupal mortality (43.3%) was observed in ‘LE 18’”
e2“The tomato fruitborer, Helicoverpa armigera Hub.”
Claim · model-written summary
The larval period was highest (22 d) for larvae on LE 1223.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- LE 1223e1
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae2pest
- Outcome
- larval periode1
- Direction
- Higheste1
- Value
- 22 de1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e1“Highest larval period (22 d) was for larvae on ‘LE 1223’, while the lowest (16.7 d) was on the susceptible accession ‘LE 4’”
e2“The tomato fruitborer, Helicoverpa armigera Hub.”
Claim · model-written summary
The larval period was lowest (16.7 d) on the susceptible accession LE 4.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- LE 4e1
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae2pest
- Outcome
- larval periode1
- Direction
- loweste1
- Value
- 16.7 de1
- Qualifier
- susceptible accessione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e1“Highest larval period (22 d) was for larvae on ‘LE 1223’, while the lowest (16.7 d) was on the susceptible accession ‘LE 4’”
e2“The tomato fruitborer, Helicoverpa armigera Hub.”
Claim · model-written summary
The pupal period was lowest (6.3 d) on LE 4.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- LE 4e1
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae2pest
- Outcome
- pupal periode1
- Direction
- loweste1
- Value
- 6.3 de1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e1“The pupal period was also lowest on ‘LE 4’ (6.3 d)”
e2“The tomato fruitborer, Helicoverpa armigera Hub.”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum percent adult emergence (80.0%) was on the susceptible accession LE 4.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- LE 4e1
- Interactor
- Helicoverpa armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae2pest
- Outcome
- percent adult emergencee1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 80.0%e1
- Qualifier
- susceptible accessione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e1“The maximum percent adult emergence (80.0%) was on the susceptible accession ‘LE 4’”
e2“The tomato fruitborer, Helicoverpa armigera Hub.”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichomes and secondary metabolites in tomato accessions were correlated with possible resistance to fruitborer and whitefly.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- fruitborere1pest
- Second interactor
- whiteflye1pest
- Compound
- secondary metabolitese1
- Outcome
- resistancee1
- Qualifier
- possiblee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e1“The influence of trichomes and secondary metabolites in tomato accessions was correlated with the possible resistance to fruitborer and whitefly”
The same questions in other papers
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