Abstract
Abstract Limestone quarries are spread over the Mediterranean Basin and have a strong environmental impact on the landscape, causing vegetation losses and soil losses. A reclamation project was conducted in a limestone quarry, situated in Arrábida Natural Park (southwest Portugal), that is dominated by mediterranean vegetation. Revegetation was conducted using three evergreen sclerophyllous shrub species (Ceratonia siliqua, Olea europaea, and Pistacia lentiscus), and new techniques were assayed to improve plant water status and nutrient status during the first phases after plantation. A water‐holding polymer (gel), fertilizer, and mycorrhiza inoculum were applied in a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design. The success of these techniques was evaluated during 1.5 years, through monitoring of growth and ecophysiology of plants. Plant survival was high, the lowest values (95%) being recorded in C. siliqua. There were species‐specific responses to the treatments applied. Ceratonia siliqua showed the highest growth rates and was the only species with growth stimulated by fertilizer application. However, the application of fertilizer induced changes in leaf characteristics of the other two species, increasing chlorophyll and nitrogen contents. Mycorrhiza inoculum had no effect on plant response. The addition of the water‐holding polymer induced higher midday plant water potentials in C. siliqua, O. europaea, and P. lentiscus, but in the latter two species the simultaneous addition of gel and fertilizer induced the lowest water potentials. The addition of fertilizer and gel is recommended in future revegetation programs but not the combination of both when revegetating with O. europaea and P. lentiscus. The results of this experiment indicate that the use of these mediterranean species, adapted to nutrient and water stress, can circumvent harsh conditions of the quarry.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Survival was high, with the lowest survival of 95% in Ceratonia siliqua.
- Taxon
- C. siliqua
Ceratonia siliquae0 - Outcome
- Plant survivale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant survival was high, the lowest values (95%) being recorded in C. siliqua.”
Claim · model-written summary
Ceratonia siliqua had the highest growth rates.
- Taxon
- Ceratonia siliquaCeratonia siliquae0
- Outcome
- growth ratese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ceratonia siliqua showed the highest growth rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer stimulated growth in Ceratonia siliqua.
- Taxon
- Ceratonia siliquaCeratonia siliquae0
- Treatment
- fertilizer applicatione0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ceratonia siliqua showed the highest growth rates and was the only species with growth stimulated by fertilizer application.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer increased chlorophyll and nitrogen in Olea europaea leaves.
- Taxon
- Olea europaea
Olea europaeae1 - Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- application of fertilizere0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll and nitrogen contentse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, the application of fertilizer induced changes in leaf characteristics of the other two species, increasing chlorophyll and nitrogen contents.”
e1“Olea europaea”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer increased chlorophyll and nitrogen in Pistacia lentiscus leaves.
- Taxon
- Pistacia lentiscus
Pistacia lentiscuse1 - Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- application of fertilizere0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll and nitrogen contentse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, the application of fertilizer induced changes in leaf characteristics of the other two species, increasing chlorophyll and nitrogen contents.”
e1“Pistacia lentiscus”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhiza inoculum had no effect on plant response.
- Taxon
- Ceratonia siliqua, Olea europaea, and Pistacia lentiscusOlea europaeaCeratonia siliquaPistacia lentiscuse1
- Treatment
- Mycorrhiza inoculume0
- Interactor
- Mycorrhizae0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant responsee0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mycorrhiza inoculum had no effect on plant response.”
e1“Ceratonia siliqua, Olea europaea, and Pistacia lentiscus”
Claim · model-written summary
Gel raised midday water potential in C. siliqua.
- Taxon
- C. siliquaCeratonia siliquae0
- Treatment
- water‐holding polymere0
- Outcome
- midday plant water potentialse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of the water‐holding polymer induced higher midday plant water potentials in C. siliqua, O. europaea, and P. lentiscus”
Claim · model-written summary
Gel raised midday water potential in O. europaea.
- Taxon
- O. europaeaOlea europaeae0
- Treatment
- water‐holding polymere0
- Outcome
- midday plant water potentialse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of the water‐holding polymer induced higher midday plant water potentials in C. siliqua, O. europaea, and P. lentiscus”
Claim · model-written summary
Gel raised midday water potential in P. lentiscus.
- Taxon
- P. lentiscusPistacia lentiscuse0
- Treatment
- water‐holding polymere0
- Outcome
- midday plant water potentialse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of the water‐holding polymer induced higher midday plant water potentials in C. siliqua, O. europaea, and P. lentiscus”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined gel and fertilizer produced the lowest water potential in O. europaea.
- Taxon
- O. europaeaOlea europaeae1
- Treatment
- simultaneous addition of gel and fertilizere0
- Outcome
- water potentialse0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but in the latter two species the simultaneous addition of gel and fertilizer induced the lowest water potentials”
e1“C. siliqua, O. europaea, and P. lentiscus”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined gel and fertilizer produced the lowest water potential in P. lentiscus.
- Taxon
- P. lentiscusPistacia lentiscuse1
- Treatment
- simultaneous addition of gel and fertilizere0
- Outcome
- water potentialse0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but in the latter two species the simultaneous addition of gel and fertilizer induced the lowest water potentials”
e1“O. europaea, and P. lentiscus”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend fertilizer and gel for future revegetation.
- Taxon
- Ceratonia siliqua, Olea europaea, and Pistacia lentiscusOlea europaeaCeratonia siliquaPistacia lentiscuse1
- Outcome
- addition of fertilizer and gele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of fertilizer and gel is recommended in future revegetation programs”
e1“Ceratonia siliqua, Olea europaea, and Pistacia lentiscus”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors advise against combining gel and fertilizer for O. europaea.
- Taxon
- O. europaeaOlea europaeae0
- Outcome
- not the combination of bothe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but not the combination of both when revegetating with O. europaea and P. lentiscus”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors advise against combining gel and fertilizer for P. lentiscus.
- Taxon
- P. lentiscusPistacia lentiscuse0
- Outcome
- not the combination of bothe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but not the combination of both when revegetating with O. europaea and P. lentiscus”
Claim · model-written summary
These Mediterranean species can establish despite harsh quarry conditions.
- Taxon
- Ceratonia siliqua, Olea europaea, and Pistacia lentiscusOlea europaeaCeratonia siliquaPistacia lentiscuse1
- Outcome
- circumvent harsh conditions of the quarrye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the use of these mediterranean species, adapted to nutrient and water stress, can circumvent harsh conditions of the quarry”
e1“Ceratonia siliqua, Olea europaea, and Pistacia lentiscus”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · physiology: pigments · Olea europaea (common olive)Positive and negative results
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- negative
- positive
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See all 17 papers →fertilization · growth · Ceratonia siliqua (carob)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.