Abstract
BACKGROUND: Iron (Fe) deficiency chlorosis, a major nutritional problem in plants growing on calcareous soils, is related to the content and reactivity of soil iron oxides and carbonates. The effects of other soil components, however, need elucidation. In this paper we tested the hypothesis that application of high doses of phosphorus (P) to the soil can aggravate Fe chlorosis. RESULTS: Lupin and sorghum were grown on 24 calcareous soils. Leaf chlorophyll concentration (LCC) in lupin decreased with increasing available P/available Fe ratio in the native soil but LCC in sorghum was unaffected by that ratio. Application of P to the soil resulted in significant reduction of LCC and dry weight in lupin. In sorghum, LCC and dry weight were positively affected by P fertilisation for soils poor in available P whereas the opposite effect was generally observed for the P-rich soils. In another experiment where olive plants were pot-grown on two soils during the 2009–2011 period, P fertilisation affected LCC negatively only in 2009 and 2011 and in the soil that was poorer in iron oxides. CONCLUSION: Application of fertiliser P to Fe chlorosis-inducing soils is likely to aggravate this deficiency. However, this effect depends on the plant and the Fe and P statuses of the soil.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Lupin leaf chlorophyll declined with increasing soil P to Fe ratio.
- Outcome
- Leaf chlorophyll concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- increasing available P/available Fe ratioe0
- Setting
- native soile0
LupinusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf chlorophyll concentration (LCC) in lupin decreased with increasing available P/available Fe ratio in the native soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum leaf chlorophyll was unaffected by the soil P to Fe ratio.
SorghumNot reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LCC in sorghum was unaffected by that ratio”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil P application significantly reduced lupin leaf chlorophyll.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of P to the soil resulted in significant reduction of LCC and dry weight in lupin”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil P application significantly reduced lupin dry weight.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of P to the soil resulted in significant reduction of LCC and dry weight in lupin”
Claim · model-written summary
P fertilisation increased sorghum chlorophyll and dry weight on soils poor in P.
- Treatment
- P fertilisatione0
- Outcome
- LCC and dry weighte0
- Direction
- positively affectede0
- Setting
- soils poor in available Pe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In sorghum, LCC and dry weight were positively affected by P fertilisation for soils poor in available P”
Claim · model-written summary
P fertilisation generally had the opposite effect on sorghum in P-rich soils.
- Treatment
- P fertilisatione0
- Outcome
- LCC and dry weighte0
- Direction
- the opposite effecte0
- Setting
- P-rich soilse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In sorghum, LCC and dry weight were positively affected by P fertilisation for soils poor in available P whereas the opposite effect was generally observed for the P-rich soils”
Claim · model-written summary
P fertilisation negatively affected olive chlorophyll only in 2009 and 2011 on the soil poorer in iron oxides.
- Taxon
- olive
Olea europaeae0 - Treatment
- P fertilisatione0
- Outcome
- LCCe0
- Direction
- negativelye0
- Qualifier
- only in 2009 and 2011 and in the soil that was poorer in iron oxidese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“olive plants were pot-grown on two soils during the 2009–2011 period, P fertilisation affected LCC negatively only in 2009 and 2011 and in the soil that was poorer in iron oxides”
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See all 17 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.