Abstract
SUMMARY Medicago sativa is an excellent pasture legume, but it is very sensitive to aluminium (Al) toxicity. To better understand the mechanism of M. sativa sensitivity to Al, a forward suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) cDNA library for an Al-sensitive cultivar, M. sativa L. cv. Yumu No. 1 (YM1), under 5 μ m Al stress over a 24 h period was constructed to analyse changes in its gene expression in response to Al stress. Sequence analysis for the SSH cDNA library generated 291 high-quantity expression sequence tags (ESTs). Of these, 229 were known as functional ESTs, 137 of which have already been reported as Al response genes, whereas the other 92 were potentially novel Al-associated genes. The up-regulation of known Al resistance-associated genes encoding the transcription factor sensitive to proton rhizotoxicity 1 ( STOP1 ) and malate transporter MsALMT1 (Al-activated malate transporter) as well as genes for antioxidant enzymes was observed. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis validated the reliability of the SSH data and confirmed the up-regulated expression of STOP1 and MsALMT1 under 5 μ m Al stress. The analysis of physiological changes indicated that hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and malondialdehyde levels were elevated rapidly under 5 μ m Al stress, suggesting that severe oxidative stress occurred in the YM1 roots. The up-regulation of antioxidant-related genes might be an important protective mechanism for YM1 in response to the oxidative stress induced by 5 μ m Al toxicity. Al-induced malate exudation was increased drastically during the early period after Al treatment, which might have been due to the up-regulation and function of MsALMT and STOP1 . However, malate exudation from the YM1 roots declined quickly during the subsequent period, and a gradual decrease in malate content was simultaneously observed in the YM1 roots. This result is in agreement with the observation that organic acid metabolism-associated enzymes such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, citrate synthase and malate dehydrogenase were not present in the SSH library. This might be a major reason for the YM1 sensitivity to Al.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminium stress up-regulated the expression of STOP1 and MsALMT1 in the Al-sensitive alfalfa cultivar YM1.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativa
Medicago sativae0 - Material
- Yumu No. 1 (YM1)e1
- Treatment
- 5 μ m Al stresse2
- Gene
- STOP1 and MsALMT1e2
- Outcome
- expression of STOP1 and MsALMT1e2
- Direction
- up-regulatede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Medicago sativa is an excellent pasture legume, but it is very sensitive to aluminium (Al) toxicity”
e1“M. sativa L. cv. Yumu No. 1 (YM1)”
e2“Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis validated the reliability of the SSH data and confirmed the up-regulated expression of STOP1 and MsALMT1 under 5 μ m Al stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminium stress up-regulated genes for antioxidant enzymes in alfalfa YM1.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- 5 μ m Al stresse2
- Outcome
- genes for antioxidant enzymese1
- Direction
- up-regulatione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Medicago sativa is an excellent pasture legume, but it is very sensitive to aluminium (Al) toxicity”
e1“The up-regulation of known Al resistance-associated genes encoding the transcription factor sensitive to proton rhizotoxicity 1 ( STOP1 ) and malate transporter MsALMT1 (Al-activated malate transporter) as well as genes for antioxidant enzymes was observed”
e2“Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis validated the reliability of the SSH data and confirmed the up-regulated expression of STOP1 and MsALMT1 under 5 μ m Al stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminium stress rapidly elevated hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels in alfalfa YM1.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- 5 μ m Al stresse3
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and malondialdehyde levelse3
- Direction
- elevatede3
- Qualifier
- rapidlye3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Medicago sativa is an excellent pasture legume, but it is very sensitive to aluminium (Al) toxicity”
e3“The analysis of physiological changes indicated that hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and malondialdehyde levels were elevated rapidly under 5 μ m Al stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Up-regulation of antioxidant-related genes might be a protective mechanism against the oxidative stress caused by aluminium in YM1.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativae0
- Gene
- antioxidant-related genese1
- Outcome
- oxidative stress induced by 5 μ m Al toxicitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Medicago sativa is an excellent pasture legume, but it is very sensitive to aluminium (Al) toxicity”
e1“The up-regulation of antioxidant-related genes might be an important protective mechanism for YM1 in response to the oxidative stress induced by 5 μ m Al toxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminium-induced malate exudation from alfalfa YM1 roots increased drastically in the early period after Al treatment.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- Al treatmente4
- Outcome
- malate exudatione4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Qualifier
- during the early periode4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Medicago sativa is an excellent pasture legume, but it is very sensitive to aluminium (Al) toxicity”
e4“Al-induced malate exudation was increased drastically during the early period after Al treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Malate exudation from alfalfa YM1 roots declined quickly in the subsequent period after Al treatment.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse5
- Treatment
- Al treatmente4
- Outcome
- malate exudation from the YM1 rootse5
- Direction
- declinede5
- Qualifier
- during the subsequent periode5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Medicago sativa is an excellent pasture legume, but it is very sensitive to aluminium (Al) toxicity”
e4“Al-induced malate exudation was increased drastically during the early period after Al treatment”
e5“malate exudation from the YM1 roots declined quickly during the subsequent period”
Claim · model-written summary
Malate content in alfalfa YM1 roots decreased gradually after Al treatment.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativae0
- Organ / stage
- YM1 rootse6
- Treatment
- Al treatmente4
- Outcome
- malate contente6
- Direction
- decreasee6
- Qualifier
- graduale6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Medicago sativa is an excellent pasture legume, but it is very sensitive to aluminium (Al) toxicity”
e4“Al-induced malate exudation was increased drastically during the early period after Al treatment”
e6“a gradual decrease in malate content was simultaneously observed in the YM1 roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Absence of organic acid metabolism enzymes from the SSH library might be a major reason for the sensitivity of YM1 to aluminium.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativae0
- Gene
- phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, citrate synthase and malate dehydrogenasee6
- Outcome
- sensitivity to Ale7
- Qualifier
- were not present in the SSH librarye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Medicago sativa is an excellent pasture legume, but it is very sensitive to aluminium (Al) toxicity”
e7“This might be a major reason for the YM1 sensitivity to Al”
e6“organic acid metabolism-associated enzymes such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, citrate synthase and malate dehydrogenase were not present in the SSH library”
Claim · model-written summary
The SSH cDNA library yielded 291 expression sequence tags for alfalfa.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativae0
- Outcome
- expression sequence tagse1
- Value
- 291e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Medicago sativa is an excellent pasture legume, but it is very sensitive to aluminium (Al) toxicity”
e1“Sequence analysis for the SSH cDNA library generated 291 high-quantity expression sequence tags (ESTs)”
Claim · model-written summary
Of the ESTs, 229 were known as functional ESTs.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativae0
- Outcome
- functional ESTse1
- Value
- 229e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Medicago sativa is an excellent pasture legume, but it is very sensitive to aluminium (Al) toxicity”
e1“Of these, 229 were known as functional ESTs, 137 of which have already been reported as Al response genes, whereas the other 92 were potentially novel Al-associated genes”
Claim · model-written summary
137 of the ESTs had already been reported as aluminium response genes.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativae0
- Outcome
- Al response genese1
- Value
- 137e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Medicago sativa is an excellent pasture legume, but it is very sensitive to aluminium (Al) toxicity”
e1“Of these, 229 were known as functional ESTs, 137 of which have already been reported as Al response genes, whereas the other 92 were potentially novel Al-associated genes”
Claim · model-written summary
92 of the ESTs were potentially novel aluminium-associated genes.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativae0
- Outcome
- potentially novel Al-associated genese1
- Value
- 92e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Medicago sativa is an excellent pasture legume, but it is very sensitive to aluminium (Al) toxicity”
e1“Of these, 229 were known as functional ESTs, 137 of which have already been reported as Al response genes, whereas the other 92 were potentially novel Al-associated genes”
Claim · model-written summary
RT-PCR validated the reliability of the SSH expression data for alfalfa.
- Taxon
- Medicago sativaMedicago sativae0
- Outcome
- reliability of the SSH datae2
- Comparator
- Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysise2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Medicago sativa is an excellent pasture legume, but it is very sensitive to aluminium (Al) toxicity”
e2“Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis validated the reliability of the SSH data and confirmed the up-regulated expression of STOP1 and MsALMT1 under 5 μ m Al stress”
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See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.