Abstract
Abstract Various parameters of the Tanada effect (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 59: 376–380. 1968) have been defined. This phenomenon, in which root tips of Phaseolus aureus L. adhere to a negatively charged glass surface when they are irradiated with 660 nm (red) light and release under 730 nm (far‐red) light, has been characterized as follows. Secondary roots, whether etiolated or light grown exhibit photoreversible adhesion. Primary roots do not. Tips from 6–8 mm secondary roots exhibit the best response to red light, whereas tips from 3 mm roots respond best to far‐red light. Red light saturetes the adhesion system at about 50 μ W/cm 2 xnm and far‐red light, release system at about 150 ü W/cm 2 xnm. The adhesion effect begins to show escape from far‐red reversibility within 60–90 seconds, an observation quite different from other “typical” long term de‐ etiolation effects. In addition, root tips irradiated with red light begin to release spontaneously in the dark after 10 min, and have nearly completed release after 50 min. Tips irradiated with continuous red light show gradual release after 15 minutes of exposure. Whether these data indicate an extremely rapid dark reversion of P fr to P r or decay of P fr under continuous red light is not known at this time. In order to study tip adhesion and release, the glass beaker surface may be negatively charged with thiocyanate (SCN ‐ ), nitrate (NO 3 ‐ ), sulfate (SO 4 2‐ ), chloride (Cl ‐ ), phosphate (PO 4 3‐ ), citrate (C 6 H 5 O 7 3‐ ), oxalate (C 2 O 4 2‐ ) or glutamine (C 5 H 8 NO 4 ‐ ). Benzoate (C 7 H 5 O 2 ‐ ) and acetate (CH 3 COO ‐ ) were found to be relatively ineffective for red light adhesion, however when citrate and oxalate were used release was inhibited. This was apparently due to a chelation of Ca 2+ since release began immediately as excess Ca +2 was added to the bathing solution. Substitution of GTP, ITP, UTP, or CTP for ATP resulted in only 20 to 40% adhesion and release for GTP, ITP and UTP, CTP showed normal adhesion kinetics under red light but very slow release kinetics under far‐red light. The effects of red and far‐red light in the numbers of secondary roots are that red light inhibits root initiation while far‐red light partially reverses the red light effect.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Secondary roots showed reversible adhesion under light whether etiolated or grown in light.
- Taxon
- Mung Bean
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiatat0 - Organ / stage
- Secondary rootse0
- Outcome
- photoreversible adhesione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Secondary roots, whether etiolated or light grown exhibit photoreversible adhesion.”
t0“Mung Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Primary roots did not show photoreversible adhesion.
- Taxon
- Mung BeanVigna radiatat0
- Outcome
- Primary roots do note0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Primary roots do not.”
t0“Mung Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Tips of 6–8 mm secondary roots responded best to red light.
- Taxon
- Mung BeanVigna radiatat0
- Organ / stage
- secondary rootse0
- Outcome
- best response to red lighte0
- Value
- 6–8 mme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tips from 6–8 mm secondary roots exhibit the best response to red light”
t0“Mung Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Tips of 3 mm roots responded best to far red light.
- Taxon
- Mung BeanVigna radiatat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- respond best to far‐red lighte0
- Value
- 3 mme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tips from 3 mm roots respond best to far‐red light”
t0“Mung Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Red light saturated adhesion at about 50 μ W/cm 2 xnm.
- Taxon
- Mung BeanVigna radiatat0
- Outcome
- adhesion systeme0
- Direction
- saturetese0
- Value
- about 50 μ W/cm 2 xnme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Red light saturetes the adhesion system at about 50 μ W/cm 2 xnm”
t0“Mung Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Far red light saturated release at about 150 ü W/cm 2 xnm.
- Taxon
- Mung BeanVigna radiatat0
- Outcome
- release systeme0
- Value
- about 150 ü W/cm 2 xnme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“far‐red light, release system at about 150 ü W/cm 2 xnm”
t0“Mung Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Adhesion began escaping far red reversal within 60–90 seconds.
- Taxon
- Mung BeanVigna radiatat0
- Outcome
- escape from far‐red reversibilitye0
- Value
- 60–90 secondse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The adhesion effect begins to show escape from far‐red reversibility within 60–90 seconds”
t0“Mung Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
After red irradiation, root tips began releasing spontaneously in darkness after 10 min.
- Taxon
- Mung BeanVigna radiatat0
- Organ / stage
- root tipse0
- Outcome
- release spontaneouslye0
- Value
- 10 mine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root tips irradiated with red light begin to release spontaneously in the dark after 10 min”
t0“Mung Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
After red irradiation, release was nearly complete after 50 min.
- Taxon
- Mung BeanVigna radiatat0
- Outcome
- nearly completed releasee0
- Value
- 50 mine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“have nearly completed release after 50 min”
t0“Mung Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Under continuous red light, tips gradually released after 15 minutes.
- Taxon
- Mung BeanVigna radiatat0
- Outcome
- gradual releasee0
- Value
- 15 minutese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tips irradiated with continuous red light show gradual release after 15 minutes of exposure.”
t0“Mung Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Several anions could negatively charge glass for studying adhesion and release.
- Taxon
- Mung BeanVigna radiatat0
- Outcome
- negatively chargede0
- Value
- thiocyanatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the glass beaker surface may be negatively charged with thiocyanate (SCN ‐ ), nitrate (NO 3 ‐ ), sulfate (SO 4 2‐ ), chloride (Cl ‐ ), phosphate (PO 4 3‐ ), citrate (C 6 H 5 O 7 3‐ ), oxalate (C 2 O 4 2‐ ) or glutamine (C 5 H 8 NO 4 ‐ )”
t0“Mung Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Benzoate and acetate were relatively ineffective for red light adhesion.
- Taxon
- Mung BeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Benzoate (C 7 H 5 O 2 ‐ ) and acetate (CH 3 COO ‐ )e0
- Outcome
- red light adhesione0
- Direction
- relatively ineffectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Benzoate (C 7 H 5 O 2 ‐ ) and acetate (CH 3 COO ‐ ) were found to be relatively ineffective for red light adhesion”
t0“Mung Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Citrate and oxalate inhibited release.
- Taxon
- Mung BeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- citrate and oxalatee0
- Outcome
- releasee0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when citrate and oxalate were used release was inhibited”
t0“Mung Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed inhibited release to calcium chelation.
- Taxon
- Mung BeanVigna radiatat0
- Compound
- Ca 2+e0
- Outcome
- chelation of Ca 2+e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This was apparently due to a chelation of Ca 2+”
t0“Mung Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding excess calcium immediately began release.
- Taxon
- Mung BeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- excess Ca +2e0
- Outcome
- releasee0
- Direction
- began immediatelye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“release began immediately as excess Ca +2 was added to the bathing solution”
t0“Mung Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Substitution with GTP, ITP or UTP yielded only 20 to 40% adhesion and release.
- Taxon
- Mung BeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- GTP, ITP and UTPe0
- Outcome
- adhesion and releasee0
- Direction
- onlye0
- Value
- 20 to 40%e0
- Comparator
- ATPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Substitution of GTP, ITP, UTP, or CTP for ATP resulted in only 20 to 40% adhesion and release for GTP, ITP and UTP”
t0“Mung Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
CTP substitution gave normal adhesion kinetics under red light.
- Taxon
- Mung BeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- CTPe0
- Outcome
- adhesion kineticse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CTP showed normal adhesion kinetics under red light”
t0“Mung Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
CTP substitution gave very slow release kinetics under far red light.
- Taxon
- Mung BeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- CTPe1
- Outcome
- release kineticse0
- Direction
- very slowe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“very slow release kinetics under far‐red light”
t0“Mung Bean”
e1“CTP showed normal adhesion kinetics”
Claim · model-written summary
Red light inhibited secondary root initiation.
- Taxon
- Mung BeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- red lighte0
- Outcome
- root initiatione0
- Direction
- inhibitse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“red light inhibits root initiation”
t0“Mung Bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Far red light partly reversed the inhibition of root initiation by red light.
- Taxon
- Mung BeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- far‐red lighte0
- Outcome
- red light effecte0
- Direction
- partially reversese0
- Comparator
- red light effecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“far‐red light partially reverses the red light effect”
t0“Mung Bean”
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light · growth · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results
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See all 20 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.