Abstract
Sorghum plants were inoculated with a pigmented strain of Azospirillum brasilense (Cd) or were not inoculated and received an N‐amended nutrient solution (1.0 mmol/l NH 4 NO 3 ). A third set of plants were non‐inoculated and not fertilized with N (control). Plants were grown in a steam‐sterilized, low‐fertility soil and harvested after growing for 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks. Dry weights for Azospirillum ‐inoculated plants were significantly greater than the N‐fertilized sorghum at weeks 2 and 4, but A. brasilense ‐colonized plants weighed significantly less than the N‐fertilized sorghum at weeks 8 and 10. Shoot and root N concentrations increased for N‐amended plants but remained fairly steady for sorghum inoculated with strain Cd indicating enhanced N‐use efficiency in plants colonized with the endophyte. In general, the concentration of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in Azospirillum ‐colonized plants was relatively less than that in N‐amended sorghum early in ontogeny when the growth rate of the inoculated plants was greatest. The number of inoculated Cd cells per plant was correlated with percentage increase in dry weight ( r = 0.92*) or total N content ( r = 0.93*) relative to the N‐fertilized plants. Growth enhancement relative to N‐fertilized sorghum was not observed when the number of Azospirillum cells per gram of root dropped below 1.0 x 10 5 (or 3.0 x 10 6 cells/plant). Therefore, the persistence of Azospirillum in the endorhizosphere of sorghum had a direct impact on host growth, physiology and nutrition.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Azospirillum-inoculated sorghum had greater dry weights than N-fertilized sorghum at weeks 2 and 4.
- Treatment
- inoculated with a pigmented strain of Azospirillum brasilensee0
- Interactor
- Azospirillum brasilense
Azospirillum brasilensee0symbiont - Outcome
- Dry weightse1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Qualifier
- at weeks 2 and 4e1
- Comparator
- N‐fertilized sorghume1
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sorghum plants were inoculated with a pigmented strain of Azospirillum brasilense (Cd)”
e1“Dry weights for Azospirillum ‐inoculated plants were significantly greater than the N‐fertilized sorghum at weeks 2 and 4”
Claim · model-written summary
Azospirillum-colonized sorghum weighed less than N-fertilized sorghum at weeks 8 and 10.
- Treatment
- inoculated with a pigmented strain of Azospirillum brasilensee0
- Interactor
- Azospirillum brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee0symbiont
- Outcome
- weighede2
- Direction
- lesse2
- Qualifier
- at weeks 8 and 10e2
- Comparator
- N‐fertilized sorghume2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sorghum plants were inoculated with a pigmented strain of Azospirillum brasilense (Cd)”
e2“A. brasilense ‐colonized plants weighed significantly less than the N‐fertilized sorghum at weeks 8 and 10”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot and root N concentrations increased in N-amended sorghum.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sorghum plants were inoculated with a pigmented strain of Azospirillum brasilense (Cd)”
e3“Shoot and root N concentrations increased for N‐amended plants but remained fairly steady for sorghum inoculated with strain Cd indicating enhanced N‐use efficiency in plants colonized with the endophyte”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot and root N concentrations remained fairly steady in sorghum inoculated with strain Cd.
- Treatment
- sorghum inoculated with strain Cde3
- Outcome
- Shoot and root N concentrationse3
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sorghum plants were inoculated with a pigmented strain of Azospirillum brasilense (Cd)”
e3“Shoot and root N concentrations increased for N‐amended plants but remained fairly steady for sorghum inoculated with strain Cd indicating enhanced N‐use efficiency in plants colonized with the endophyte”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum colonized by the endophyte showed enhanced N-use efficiency.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sorghum plants were inoculated with a pigmented strain of Azospirillum brasilense (Cd)”
e3“Shoot and root N concentrations increased for N‐amended plants but remained fairly steady for sorghum inoculated with strain Cd indicating enhanced N‐use efficiency in plants colonized with the endophyte”
Claim · model-written summary
Azospirillum-colonized sorghum had lower Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu concentrations than N-amended sorghum early in ontogeny.
- Treatment
- Azospirillum ‐colonized plantse4
- Interactor
- Azospirillum
Azospirillume4symbiont - Outcome
- concentration of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cue4
- Direction
- lesse4
- Qualifier
- early in ontogenye4
- Comparator
- N‐amended sorghume4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“In general, the concentration of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in Azospirillum ‐colonized plants was relatively less than that in N‐amended sorghum early in ontogeny when the growth rate of the inoculated plants was greatest”
Claim · model-written summary
Percentage increase in dry weight was correlated with the number of inoculated Cd cells per plant (r = 0.92).
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sorghum plants were inoculated with a pigmented strain of Azospirillum brasilense (Cd)”
e5“The number of inoculated Cd cells per plant was correlated with percentage increase in dry weight ( r = 0.92*) or total N content ( r = 0.93*) relative to the N‐fertilized plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Number of inoculated Cd cells per plant was correlated with total N content (r = 0.93).
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sorghum plants were inoculated with a pigmented strain of Azospirillum brasilense (Cd)”
e5“The number of inoculated Cd cells per plant was correlated with percentage increase in dry weight ( r = 0.92*) or total N content ( r = 0.93*) relative to the N‐fertilized plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth enhancement was not observed when Azospirillum cells per gram of root dropped below 1.0 x 10 5.
- Interactor
- AzospirillumAzospirillume6symbiont
- Outcome
- Growth enhancemente6
- Value
- 1.0 x 10 5e6
- Qualifier
- cells per gram of roote6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Growth enhancement relative to N‐fertilized sorghum was not observed when the number of Azospirillum cells per gram of root dropped below 1.0 x 10 5 (or 3.0 x 10 6 cells/plant)”
Claim · model-written summary
Persistence of Azospirillum in the endorhizosphere had a direct impact on sorghum host growth, physiology and nutrition.
- Interactor
- AzospirillumAzospirillume7symbiont
- Outcome
- host growth, physiology and nutritione7
- Qualifier
- persistence of Azospirillum in the endorhizospheree7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“the persistence of Azospirillum in the endorhizosphere of sorghum had a direct impact on host growth, physiology and nutrition”
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