Abstract
Pollen fecundity is crucial to crop productivity and also to biodiversity in general. Pollen development is supported by the tapetum, a metabolically active sporophytic nurse layer that devotes itself to this process. The tapetum in cereals and a vast majority of other plants is of the nonamoeboid type. Unable to reach out to microspores, it secretes nutrients into the anther locule where the microspores reside and develop. Orbicules (Ubisch bodies), studied in various plants since their discovery approximately 140 years ago, are a hallmark of the secretory tapetum. Their significance to tapetal or pollen development has not been established. We have identified in wheat and rice an anther-specific single-copy gene (per haploid genome equivalent) whose suppression in rice by RNA interference nearly eliminated the seed set. The flowers in the transgenics were normal for female functions, but the pollen collapsed and became less viable. Further characterization of the gene product, named RAFTIN, in wheat has shown that it is present in pro-orbicule bodies and it is accumulated in Ubisch bodies. Furthermore, it is targeted to microspore exine. Although the carboxyl portion of RAFTINs shares short, dispersed amino acid sequences (BURP domain) in common with a variety of proteins of disparate biological contexts, the occurrence RAFTIN per se is limited to cereals; neither the Arabidopsis genome nor the vast collection of ESTs suggests any obvious dicot homologs. Furthermore, our results show that RAFTIN is essential for the late phase of pollen development in cereals.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
An anther-specific single-copy gene was identified in wheat and rice.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Gene
- anther-specific single-copy genee1
- Outcome
- identifiede1
- Qualifier
- per haploid genome equivalente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“We have identified in wheat and rice an anther-specific single-copy gene (per haploid genome equivalent) whose suppression in rice by RNA interference nearly eliminated the seed set”
Claim · model-written summary
RNA-interference suppression of the anther-specific gene in rice nearly eliminated seed set.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Treatment
- RNA interferencee1
- Gene
- anther-specific single-copy genee1
- Outcome
- seed sete1
- Direction
- nearly eliminatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“We have identified in wheat and rice an anther-specific single-copy gene (per haploid genome equivalent) whose suppression in rice by RNA interference nearly eliminated the seed set”
Claim · model-written summary
Flowers of the transgenic rice were normal for female functions.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- transgenicse2
- Outcome
- female functionse2
- Direction
- normale2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“We have identified in wheat and rice an anther-specific single-copy gene (per haploid genome equivalent) whose suppression in rice by RNA interference nearly eliminated the seed set”
e2“The flowers in the transgenics were normal for female functions, but the pollen collapsed and became less viable”
Claim · model-written summary
Pollen of the transgenic rice collapsed and became less viable.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- transgenicse2
- Outcome
- pollene2
- Direction
- less viablee2
- Qualifier
- collapsede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“We have identified in wheat and rice an anther-specific single-copy gene (per haploid genome equivalent) whose suppression in rice by RNA interference nearly eliminated the seed set”
e2“The flowers in the transgenics were normal for female functions, but the pollen collapsed and became less viable”
Claim · model-written summary
In wheat, the RAFTIN gene product is present in pro-orbicule bodies.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Organ / stage
- pro-orbicule bodiese1
- Gene
- RAFTINe1
- Outcome
- presente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Further characterization of the gene product, named RAFTIN, in wheat has shown that it is present in pro-orbicule bodies and it is accumulated in Ubisch bodies”
Claim · model-written summary
In wheat, the RAFTIN gene product accumulates in Ubisch bodies.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Organ / stage
- Ubisch bodiese1
- Gene
- RAFTINe1
- Outcome
- accumulatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Further characterization of the gene product, named RAFTIN, in wheat has shown that it is present in pro-orbicule bodies and it is accumulated in Ubisch bodies”
Claim · model-written summary
In wheat, the RAFTIN gene product is targeted to the microspore exine.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Organ / stage
- microspore exinee2
- Gene
- RAFTINe1
- Outcome
- targetede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Further characterization of the gene product, named RAFTIN, in wheat has shown that it is present in pro-orbicule bodies and it is accumulated in Ubisch bodies”
e2“Furthermore, it is targeted to microspore exine”
Claim · model-written summary
RAFTIN is essential for the late phase of pollen development in cereals.
Verbatim
e1“Furthermore, our results show that RAFTIN is essential for the late phase of pollen development in cereals”
Claim · model-written summary
RAFTIN occurrence is limited to cereals.
Verbatim
e1“the occurrence RAFTIN per se is limited to cereals; neither the Arabidopsis genome nor the vast collection of ESTs suggests any obvious dicot homologs”
Claim · model-written summary
No obvious dicot homologs of RAFTIN were suggested by the Arabidopsis genome or EST collection.
Verbatim
e1“the occurrence RAFTIN per se is limited to cereals; neither the Arabidopsis genome nor the vast collection of ESTs suggests any obvious dicot homologs”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
71 papers in the same direction as this paper · 62 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
130 papers more in this group
See all 134 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.