Abstract
Conventional flat planting is commonly used for growing wheat in Pakistan and the crop is irrigated by flood irrigation, but it leads to ineffective use of applied nitrogen owing to poor aeration and leaching and volatilization losses. The practice also results in greater crop lodging, lower water use efficiency, and crusting of the soil surface. In contrast, bed planting of wheat not only saves water but improves fertilizer use efficiency and grain yield. Three years of pooled data from the present study showed that wheat planting on beds and nitrogen application at 120 kg ha− 1 produced 15.06% higher grain yield than flat planting at the same nitrogen rate. Similarly, 25.04%, 15.02%, 14.59%, and 29.83% higher nitrogen uptake, nitrogen use, and agronomic and recovery efficiencies, respectively, were recorded for bed compared to flat planting. Wheat planting on beds with a nitrogen application of 80 kg ha− 1 gave a yield similar to that of flat planting with 120 kg ha− 1 nitrogen. However, the economic return was 29% higher in bed planting as compared to flat planting, when nitrogen was applied at 120 kg ha− 1.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Bed planting with 120 kg N/ha gave 15.06% higher grain yield than flat planting at the same nitrogen rate.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- wheat planting on beds and nitrogen application at 120 kg ha− 1e1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 15.06%e1
- Comparator
- flat planting at the same nitrogen ratee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“wheat planting on beds and nitrogen application at 120 kg ha− 1 produced 15.06% higher grain yield than flat planting at the same nitrogen rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Bed planting increased nitrogen uptake by 25.04% compared with flat planting.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- bede2
- Outcome
- nitrogen uptakee2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 25.04%e2
- Comparator
- flat plantinge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“wheat planting on beds and nitrogen application at 120 kg ha− 1 produced 15.06% higher grain yield than flat planting at the same nitrogen rate”
e2“25.04%, 15.02%, 14.59%, and 29.83% higher nitrogen uptake, nitrogen use, and agronomic and recovery efficiencies, respectively, were recorded for bed compared to flat planting”
Claim · model-written summary
Bed planting increased nitrogen use by 15.02% compared with flat planting.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- bede2
- Outcome
- nitrogen usee2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 15.02%e2
- Comparator
- flat plantinge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“wheat planting on beds and nitrogen application at 120 kg ha− 1 produced 15.06% higher grain yield than flat planting at the same nitrogen rate”
e2“25.04%, 15.02%, 14.59%, and 29.83% higher nitrogen uptake, nitrogen use, and agronomic and recovery efficiencies, respectively, were recorded for bed compared to flat planting”
Claim · model-written summary
Bed planting gave 14.59% higher agronomic efficiency than flat planting.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- bede2
- Outcome
- agronomic and recovery efficienciese2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 14.59%e2
- Comparator
- flat plantinge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“wheat planting on beds and nitrogen application at 120 kg ha− 1 produced 15.06% higher grain yield than flat planting at the same nitrogen rate”
e2“25.04%, 15.02%, 14.59%, and 29.83% higher nitrogen uptake, nitrogen use, and agronomic and recovery efficiencies, respectively, were recorded for bed compared to flat planting”
Claim · model-written summary
Bed planting gave 29.83% higher recovery efficiency than flat planting.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- bede2
- Outcome
- agronomic and recovery efficienciese2
- Direction
- highere2
- Value
- 29.83%e2
- Comparator
- flat plantinge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“wheat planting on beds and nitrogen application at 120 kg ha− 1 produced 15.06% higher grain yield than flat planting at the same nitrogen rate”
e2“25.04%, 15.02%, 14.59%, and 29.83% higher nitrogen uptake, nitrogen use, and agronomic and recovery efficiencies, respectively, were recorded for bed compared to flat planting”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat on beds with 80 kg N/ha gave a grain yield similar to flat planting with 120 kg N/ha.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume3
- Treatment
- planting on beds with a nitrogen application of 80 kg ha− 1e3
- Outcome
- yielde3
- Direction
- similare3
- Comparator
- flat planting with 120 kg ha− 1 nitrogene3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Wheat planting on beds with a nitrogen application of 80 kg ha− 1 gave a yield similar to that of flat planting with 120 kg ha− 1 nitrogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Bed planting with 120 kg N/ha gave a 29% higher economic return than flat planting.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- bed plantinge4
- Outcome
- economic returne4
- Direction
- highere4
- Value
- 29%e4
- Qualifier
- when nitrogen was applied at 120 kg ha− 1e4
- Comparator
- flat plantinge4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“wheat planting on beds and nitrogen application at 120 kg ha− 1 produced 15.06% higher grain yield than flat planting at the same nitrogen rate”
e4“the economic return was 29% higher in bed planting as compared to flat planting, when nitrogen was applied at 120 kg ha− 1”
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See all 2,061 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.