Abstract
Abstract The development of synthetic smoking materials has prompted researchers to consider non‐conventional production methods as a means of producing a low cost, flue‐cured tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) material which might be used in the manufacture of cigarettes. In order to evaluate yield potential, chemical content, and physical characteristics of close‐grown tobacco, plants were grown in the field at populations of 45,448, 90,896, and 136,344/ha with different planting designs (twin or equidistant), nitrogen levels (84, 168, 252, and 336 kg/ha), and topping regimes (topping or no topping). The soil was a Durham loamy sand (fine loamy, siliceous, thermic, Typic Hapudult). The entire plant was flue‐cured and separated into lamina, midrib, and stalk for yield and chemical analysis. A wide range of yield, chemical content, and physical characteristics of the harvested material was produced by manipulating various cultural practices. Topped plants averaged 26% lamina, 12% midrib, and 62% stalk as compared to 19% lamina, 10% midrib, 54% stalk, and 17% top material for plants not topped. Yields increased progressively with N‐rate through 252 kg/ha and/or increased plant population. Twin or equidistant row spacing had no effect on yield. Topping decreased whole‐plant yield but increased the concentration of alkaloids and reducing sugars and the lamina: stalk ratio. Total alkaloids ranged from 0.18% for wholeplant nontopped tobacco receiving 84 kg N/ha to 0.84% for topped plants receiving 336 kg N/ha. Total reducing sugars averaged 8.0 for nontopped and 9.6% for topped plants. Results indicate that high yields can be obtained by utilizing the close‐grown production system and harvesting the entire plant. Desirable chemical content and physical characteristics of close‐grown tobacco might be obtained by manipulating cultural practices.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Topped tobacco plants averaged 26% lamina.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacumt0 - Treatment
- Toppede0
- Outcome
- laminae0
- Value
- 26%e0
- Qualifier
- 19% laminae0
- Comparator
- plants not toppede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Topped plants averaged 26% lamina, 12% midrib, and 62% stalk as compared to 19% lamina, 10% midrib, 54% stalk, and 17% top material for plants not topped”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Topped plants averaged 12% midrib.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Outcome
- midribe0
- Value
- 12%e0
- Qualifier
- 10% midribe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Topped plants averaged 26% lamina, 12% midrib, and 62% stalk as compared to 19% lamina, 10% midrib, 54% stalk, and 17% top material for plants not topped”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Topped plants averaged 62% stalk.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Outcome
- stalke0
- Value
- 62%e0
- Qualifier
- 54% stalke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Topped plants averaged 26% lamina, 12% midrib, and 62% stalk as compared to 19% lamina, 10% midrib, 54% stalk, and 17% top material for plants not topped”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Untopped plants averaged 17% top material.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Outcome
- top materiale0
- Value
- 17%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“17% top material for plants not topped”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Tobacco yield rose with nitrogen rate through 252 kg/ha.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yields increased progressively with N‐rate through 252 kg/ha”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Tobacco yield rose with plant population.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- increased plant populatione0
- Outcome
- Yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yields increased progressively with N‐rate through 252 kg/ha and/or increased plant population”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Twin and equidistant row spacing had no yield effect.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Twine0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Comparator
- equidistant row spacinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Twin or equidistant row spacing had no effect on yield”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Topping decreased whole-plant tobacco yield.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Toppinge0
- Outcome
- whole‐plant yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Topping decreased whole‐plant yield”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Topping increased tobacco alkaloid and reducing sugar concentrations.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Toppinge0
- Outcome
- concentration of alkaloids and reducing sugarse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Topping decreased whole‐plant yield but increased the concentration of alkaloids and reducing sugars and the lamina: stalk ratio”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Topping increased the lamina-to-stalk ratio.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Toppingt1
- Outcome
- lamina: stalk ratioe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the concentration of alkaloids and reducing sugars and the lamina: stalk ratio”
t0“Tobacco”
t1“Topping”
Claim · model-written summary
Total alkaloids ranged from 0.18% to 0.84% across tobacco treatments.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Outcome
- Total alkaloidse0
- Value
- 0.18%e0
- Qualifier
- 0.84%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total alkaloids ranged from 0.18% for wholeplant nontopped tobacco receiving 84 kg N/ha to 0.84% for topped plants receiving 336 kg N/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Total reducing sugars averaged 8.0 for nontopped plants.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- nontoppede0
- Outcome
- Total reducing sugarse0
- Value
- 8.0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total reducing sugars averaged 8.0 for nontopped and 9.6% for topped plants”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Total reducing sugars averaged 9.6% for topped plants.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- toppede0
- Outcome
- Total reducing sugarse0
- Value
- 9.6%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total reducing sugars averaged 8.0 for nontopped and 9.6% for topped plants”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
High tobacco yields can be obtained with close-grown production and whole-plant harvest.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- close‐grown production system and harvesting the entire plante0
- Outcome
- high yieldse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high yields can be obtained by utilizing the close‐grown production system and harvesting the entire plant”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultural practices may be manipulated to obtain desirable tobacco chemistry and physical characteristics.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- manipulating cultural practicese0
- Outcome
- Desirable chemical content and physical characteristicse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Desirable chemical content and physical characteristics of close‐grown tobacco might be obtained by manipulating cultural practices”
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See all 27 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.