Abstract
UNLABELLED: BACKGROUND Unlike synthetic pesticides, azadirachtin-based neem pesticides are environmentally friendly and are well known for their diverse pest control properties. Their use is, however, limited by the instability of azadirachtin, necessitating application at short intervals. The efficacy of relatively stable tetrahydroazadirachtin-A, therefore, needed to be established under field conditions. RESULTS: Azadirachtin-A (Aza-A), its stable derivative tetrahydroazadirachtin-A (THA) and other neem pesticides have been evaluated for their field efficacy against major insect pests of okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench., during summer (kharif) 2003 and 2004. The optimum doses of Aza-A and THA against the fruit borer, Earias vittella F., were also established. Reductions in population of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.), and leafhopper (jassid), Amrasca biguttulla biguttulla Ishida, after application of THA or endosulfan was evident up to 10 days after treatment (DAT), whereas with Aza-A and NeemAzal (NZ) the effect was observed up to 7 DAT only. Endosulfan and THA also caused higher reduction in the larvae of shoot and fruit borer E. vittella and E. insulana Boisd., and recorded the highest yields of 4600 and 4180 kg ha(-1). The efficacy of THA (0.05 g L(-1) emulsion) was comparable with that of 0.5 g L(-1) endosulfan emulsion in reducing fruit borer infestation, the reduction over the control being 86.0 and 87.3%, 84.9 and 94.1% and 90.2 and 92.6% at first, second and third picking. THA 0.02 g L(-1) and Aza-A 0.05 g L(-1) were on a par. Laboratory-made neem oil emulsifiable concentrate was the least effective, but was superior to untreated check. CONCLUSION: Three consecutive sprays of THA, a neem-based biopesticide, and endosulfan have been found to be superior in controlling field pests of okra to Aza-A and NZ, which were on a par. THA thus holds potential as a component of pest management strategies against okra pests.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
THA reduced whitefly populations through 10 days after treatment.
- Taxon
- okra
.jpg?width=60)
Abelmoschus esculentust0 - Treatment
- THAe0
- Interactor
- Bemisia tabaci
Bemisia tabacie0pest - Outcome
- population of whiteflye0
- Direction
- Reductionse0
- Qualifier
- up to 10 days after treatment (DAT)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Reductions in population of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.), and leafhopper (jassid), Amrasca biguttulla biguttulla Ishida, after application of THA or endosulfan was evident up to 10 days after treatment (DAT)”
t0“okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Endosulfan reduced whitefly populations through 10 days.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- endosulfane0
- Interactor
- Bemisia tabaciBemisia tabacie0pest
- Outcome
- population of whiteflye0
- Direction
- Reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reductions in population of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.), and leafhopper (jassid), Amrasca biguttulla biguttulla Ishida, after application of THA or endosulfan was evident up to 10 days after treatment (DAT)”
t0“okra”
Claim · model-written summary
THA reduced leafhopper populations through 10 days.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- THAe0
- Interactor
- Amrasca biguttulla biguttullae0pest
- Outcome
- leafhopper (jassid)e0
- Direction
- Reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reductions in population of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.), and leafhopper (jassid), Amrasca biguttulla biguttulla Ishida, after application of THA or endosulfan was evident up to 10 days after treatment (DAT)”
t0“okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Endosulfan reduced leafhopper populations through 10 days.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- endosulfane0
- Interactor
- Amrasca biguttulla biguttullae0pest
- Outcome
- leafhopper (jassid)e0
- Direction
- Reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reductions in population of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.), and leafhopper (jassid), Amrasca biguttulla biguttulla Ishida, after application of THA or endosulfan was evident up to 10 days after treatment (DAT)”
t0“okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Aza-A and NeemAzal effects lasted only through seven days.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- Aza-Ae0
- Outcome
- effecte0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede0
- Qualifier
- up to 7 DAT onlye0
- Comparator
- THAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas with Aza-A and NeemAzal (NZ) the effect was observed up to 7 DAT only”
t0“okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Endosulfan reduced shoot and fruit borer larvae more than other treatments.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- Endosulfane0
- Interactor
- E. vittella
_Figure_26b.jpg?width=60)
Earias vittellae0pest - Second interactor
- E. insulana
.jpg?width=60)
Earias insulanae0pest - Outcome
- larvae of shoot and fruit borere0
- Direction
- higher reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Figure_26b.jpg?width=500)
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Endosulfan and THA also caused higher reduction in the larvae of shoot and fruit borer E. vittella and E. insulana Boisd.”
t0“okra”
Claim · model-written summary
THA reduced shoot and fruit borer larvae more than other treatments.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- THAe0
- Interactor
- E. vittellaEarias vittellae0pest
- Second interactor
- E. insulanaEarias insulanae0pest
- Outcome
- larvae of shoot and fruit borere0
- Direction
- higher reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Endosulfan and THA also caused higher reduction in the larvae of shoot and fruit borer E. vittella and E. insulana Boisd.”
t0“okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Endosulfan yielded 4600 kg ha(-1).
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Endosulfan and THA also caused higher reduction in the larvae of shoot and fruit borer E. vittella and E. insulana Boisd., and recorded the highest yields of 4600 and 4180 kg ha(-1)”
t0“okra”
Claim · model-written summary
THA yielded 4180 kg ha(-1).
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- THAe0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 4180 kg ha(-1)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Endosulfan and THA also caused higher reduction in the larvae of shoot and fruit borer E. vittella and E. insulana Boisd., and recorded the highest yields of 4600 and 4180 kg ha(-1)”
t0“okra”
Claim · model-written summary
THA and endosulfan had comparable fruit borer control across three pickings.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- THA (0.05 g L(-1) emulsion)e0
- Interactor
- fruit borere0pest
- Outcome
- fruit borer infestatione0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Comparator
- 0.5 g L(-1) endosulfan emulsione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The efficacy of THA (0.05 g L(-1) emulsion) was comparable with that of 0.5 g L(-1) endosulfan emulsion in reducing fruit borer infestation, the reduction over the control being 86.0 and 87.3%, 84.9 and 94.1% and 90.2 and 92.6% at first, second and third picking”
t0“okra”
Claim · model-written summary
THA at 0.02 g L(-1) performed on par with Aza-A at 0.05 g L(-1).
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- THA 0.02 g L(-1)e0
- Outcome
- on a pare0
- Direction
- on a pare0
- Comparator
- Aza-A 0.05 g L(-1)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“THA 0.02 g L(-1) and Aza-A 0.05 g L(-1) were on a par”
t0“okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Laboratory neem oil concentrate was least effective but better than untreated control.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentust0
- Treatment
- Laboratory-made neem oil emulsifiable concentratee0
- Outcome
- superiore0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- untreated checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Laboratory-made neem oil emulsifiable concentrate was the least effective, but was superior to untreated check”
t0“okra”
Claim · model-written summary
Three THA or endosulfan sprays were superior for controlling okra pests to Aza-A and NZ.
- Taxon
- okraAbelmoschus esculentuse0
- Treatment
- Three consecutive sprays of THAe0
- Outcome
- controlling field pests of okrae0
- Comparator
- Aza-A and NZe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three consecutive sprays of THA, a neem-based biopesticide, and endosulfan have been found to be superior in controlling field pests of okra to Aza-A and NZ”
The same questions in other papers
endosulfan · yield · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
endosulfan · Earias vittella · Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.