Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine how yield and quality of pearl millet [ Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke] forage might be improved by breeding later maturing cultivars. Three near‐isogenic populations, A, B, and C and a synthetic D, requiring 73, 105, 160, and 194 days from planting to anthesis, respectively, were cut at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 week intervals for 2 yrs. Only at 8, 12, and 24 week cutting intervals, did populations B, C, and D exceed A in height. Populations A, B, C, and D produced very few seed heads when cut every 2 weeks. All had headed when cut once after 24 weeks. Percent of plants in head for A cut every 4 weeks was 94, for B cut every 8 weeks was 90 and for C and D cut every 12 weeks was 77 and 50, respectively. Cut at 12 and 24 weeks, C yielded 40 to 60% more dry matter than A. Cut more frequently, yields of A, B, and C were similar. Extending the maturity date from 73 to 160 days gradually increased leaf percentages and leaf yields. Cut every 12 weeks, C produced twice as much leaf material as A. Generally dry matter percentages decreased as the maturity of populations A, B, C, and D increased. Population A had the lowest digestibility and C and D had the highest digestibilities at all cutting frequencies.Population A had lower protein concentration at all cutting frequencies than B, C, and D which did not differ. Breeding later maturing cultivars taking over twice as many days to anthesis as the 73‐day types generally sold today will not improve the seasonal distribution of the forage greatly but should increase animal performance particularly if they were grazed rotationally or fed as green chop and silage.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Cut at 12 and 24 weeks, population C yielded 40 to 60% more dry matter than population A.
- Taxon
- pearl millet
Cenchrus americanuse1 - Material
- Ce3
- Treatment
- Cut at 12 and 24 weekse3
- Outcome
- dry mattere3
- Direction
- moree3
- Value
- 40 to 60%e3
- Comparator
- Ae3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“pearl millet [ Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke] forage”
e3“Cut at 12 and 24 weeks, C yielded 40 to 60% more dry matter than A”
Claim · model-written summary
Cutting more frequently, yields of populations A, B and C were similar.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse1
- Material
- A, B, and Ce4
- Treatment
- Cut more frequentlye4
- Outcome
- yieldse4
- Direction
- similare4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“pearl millet [ Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke] forage”
e4“Cut more frequently, yields of A, B, and C were similar”
Claim · model-written summary
Extending the maturity date from 73 to 160 days gradually increased leaf percentages and leaf yields.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse1
- Treatment
- Extending the maturity date from 73 to 160 dayse5
- Outcome
- leaf percentages and leaf yieldse5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“pearl millet [ Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke] forage”
e5“Extending the maturity date from 73 to 160 days gradually increased leaf percentages and leaf yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Cut every 12 weeks, population C produced twice as much leaf material as population A.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse1
- Material
- Ce6
- Treatment
- Cut every 12 weekse6
- Outcome
- leaf materiale6
- Direction
- twice as muche6
- Value
- twicee6
- Comparator
- Ae6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“pearl millet [ Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke] forage”
e6“Cut every 12 weeks, C produced twice as much leaf material as A”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry matter percentages generally decreased as maturity of populations A, B, C and D increased.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse1
- Treatment
- maturitye7
- Outcome
- dry matter percentagese7
- Direction
- decreasede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“pearl millet [ Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke] forage”
e7“Generally dry matter percentages decreased as the maturity of populations A, B, C, and D increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Population A had the lowest digestibility at all cutting frequencies.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse1
- Material
- Population Ae2
- Outcome
- digestibilitye2
- Direction
- loweste2
- Qualifier
- at all cutting frequenciese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“pearl millet [ Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke] forage”
e2“Population A had the lowest digestibility and C and D had the highest digestibilities at all cutting frequencies”
Claim · model-written summary
Populations C and D had the highest digestibilities at all cutting frequencies.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse1
- Material
- C and De2
- Outcome
- digestibilitiese2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Qualifier
- at all cutting frequenciese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“pearl millet [ Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke] forage”
e2“Population A had the lowest digestibility and C and D had the highest digestibilities at all cutting frequencies”
Claim · model-written summary
Population A had lower protein concentration than populations B, C and D at all cutting frequencies.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse1
- Material
- Population Ae2
- Outcome
- protein concentratione2
- Direction
- lowere2
- Qualifier
- at all cutting frequenciese2
- Comparator
- B, C, and De2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“pearl millet [ Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke] forage”
e2“Population A had lower protein concentration at all cutting frequencies than B, C, and D which did not differ”
Claim · model-written summary
Populations B, C and D did not differ in protein concentration.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse1
- Material
- B, C, and De2
- Outcome
- protein concentratione2
- Direction
- did not differe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“pearl millet [ Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke] forage”
e2“Population A had lower protein concentration at all cutting frequencies than B, C, and D which did not differ”
Claim · model-written summary
Only at 8, 12 and 24 week cutting intervals did populations B, C and D exceed population A in height.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse1
- Material
- B, C, and De2
- Treatment
- 8, 12, and 24 week cutting intervalse2
- Outcome
- heighte2
- Direction
- exceede2
- Comparator
- Ae2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“pearl millet [ Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke] forage”
e2“Only at 8, 12, and 24 week cutting intervals, did populations B, C, and D exceed A in height”
Claim · model-written summary
Populations A, B, C and D produced very few seed heads when cut every 2 weeks.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse1
- Material
- A, B, C, and De2
- Treatment
- cut every 2 weekse2
- Outcome
- seed headse2
- Direction
- very fewe2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“pearl millet [ Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke] forage”
e2“Populations A, B, C, and D produced very few seed heads when cut every 2 weeks”
Claim · model-written summary
All populations had headed when cut once after 24 weeks.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse1
- Treatment
- cut once after 24 weekse2
- Outcome
- headede2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“pearl millet [ Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke] forage”
e2“All had headed when cut once after 24 weeks”
Claim · model-written summary
Population A cut every 4 weeks had 94% of plants in head.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse1
- Material
- Ae2
- Treatment
- cut every 4 weekse2
- Outcome
- Percent of plants in heade2
- Value
- 94e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“pearl millet [ Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke] forage”
e2“Percent of plants in head for A cut every 4 weeks was 94, for B cut every 8 weeks was 90 and for C and D cut every 12 weeks was 77 and 50, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Population B cut every 8 weeks had 90% of plants in head.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse1
- Material
- Be2
- Treatment
- cut every 8 weekse2
- Outcome
- Percent of plants in heade2
- Value
- 90e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“pearl millet [ Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke] forage”
e2“Percent of plants in head for A cut every 4 weeks was 94, for B cut every 8 weeks was 90 and for C and D cut every 12 weeks was 77 and 50, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Population C cut every 12 weeks had 77% of plants in head.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse1
- Material
- Ce2
- Treatment
- cut every 12 weekse2
- Outcome
- Percent of plants in heade2
- Value
- 77e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“pearl millet [ Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke] forage”
e2“Percent of plants in head for A cut every 4 weeks was 94, for B cut every 8 weeks was 90 and for C and D cut every 12 weeks was 77 and 50, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Population D cut every 12 weeks had 50% of plants in head.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse1
- Material
- De2
- Treatment
- cut every 12 weekse2
- Outcome
- Percent of plants in heade2
- Value
- 50e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“pearl millet [ Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke] forage”
e2“Percent of plants in head for A cut every 4 weeks was 94, for B cut every 8 weeks was 90 and for C and D cut every 12 weeks was 77 and 50, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Breeding later maturing cultivars should increase animal performance, particularly if they are grazed rotationally or fed as green chop and silage.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse1
- Outcome
- animal performancee2
- Qualifier
- if they were grazed rotationally or fed as green chop and silagee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“pearl millet [ Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke] forage”
e2“should increase animal performance particularly if they were grazed rotationally or fed as green chop and silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Breeding later maturing cultivars will not greatly improve the seasonal distribution of the forage.
- Taxon
- pearl milletCenchrus americanuse1
- Outcome
- seasonal distribution of the foragee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“pearl millet [ Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke] forage”
e2“will not improve the seasonal distribution of the forage greatly”
The same questions in other papers
stage · yield · Cenchrus americanus (pearl millet)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.