Abstract
Abstract A standard and a high manganese (Mn) level (10 and 160 μM) were combined with a standard and a high zinc (Zn) level (4 and 64 μM) in the nutrient solution supplied to cucumber in closed‐cycle hydroponic units to compensate for nutrient uptake. The concentrations of all nutrients except Mn and Zn were identical in all treatments. The objectives of the experiment were to establish critical Zn and Mn levels in both nutrient solutions and leaves of cucumber grown hydroponically, to assess the impact of gradual Zn and/or Mn accumulation in the external solution on nutrient uptake and gas exchange, and to find whether Mn and Zn have additive effects when the levels of both ions are excessively high in the root zone. The first symptoms of Mn and Zn toxicity appeared when the concentrations of Mn and Zn in the leaves of cucumber reached 900 and 450 mg kg –1 in the dry weight, respectively. Excessively high Mn or/and Zn concentrations in the leaves reduced the fruit biomass production due to decreases in the number of fruits per plant, as well as the net assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate, but increased the intercellular CO 2 levels. Initially, the Mn or Zn concentrations in the recirculating nutrient solution increased rapidly but gradually stabilized to maximal levels, while the corresponding concentrations in the leaves constantly increased until the end of the experiment. The uptake of Mg, Ca, Fe, and Cu was negatively affected, while that of K and P remained unaffected by the external Mn and Zn levels. The combination of high Mn and Zn seems to have no additive effects on the parameters investigated.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Mn toxicity symptoms first appeared at the stated leaf concentration.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse0 - Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- symptoms of Mn and Zn toxicitye0
- Value
- 900e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The first symptoms of Mn and Zn toxicity appeared when the concentrations of Mn and Zn in the leaves of cucumber reached 900 and 450 mg kg –1 in the dry weight, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn toxicity symptoms first appeared at the stated leaf concentration.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- symptoms of Mn and Zn toxicitye0
- Value
- 450 mg kg –1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The first symptoms of Mn and Zn toxicity appeared when the concentrations of Mn and Zn in the leaves of cucumber reached 900 and 450 mg kg –1 in the dry weight, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Excessively high leaf Mn or Zn reduced fruit biomass production.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Excessively high Mn or/and Zn concentrationse0
- Outcome
- fruit biomass productione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Excessively high Mn or/and Zn concentrations in the leaves reduced the fruit biomass production due to decreases in the number of fruits per plant, as well as the net assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate, but increased the intercellular CO 2 levels.”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Excessively high leaf Mn or Zn decreases number of fruits per plant.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Excessively high Mn or/and Zn concentrationse0
- Outcome
- number of fruits per plante0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Excessively high Mn or/and Zn concentrations in the leaves reduced the fruit biomass production due to decreases in the number of fruits per plant, as well as the net assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate, but increased the intercellular CO 2 levels.”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Excessively high leaf Mn or Zn decreases net assimilation rate.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Excessively high Mn or/and Zn concentrationse0
- Outcome
- net assimilation ratee0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Excessively high Mn or/and Zn concentrations in the leaves reduced the fruit biomass production due to decreases in the number of fruits per plant, as well as the net assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate, but increased the intercellular CO 2 levels.”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Excessively high leaf Mn or Zn decreases stomatal conductance.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Excessively high Mn or/and Zn concentrationse0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Excessively high Mn or/and Zn concentrations in the leaves reduced the fruit biomass production due to decreases in the number of fruits per plant, as well as the net assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate, but increased the intercellular CO 2 levels.”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Excessively high leaf Mn or Zn decreases transpiration rate.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Excessively high Mn or/and Zn concentrationse0
- Outcome
- transpiration ratee0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Excessively high Mn or/and Zn concentrations in the leaves reduced the fruit biomass production due to decreases in the number of fruits per plant, as well as the net assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate, but increased the intercellular CO 2 levels.”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Excessively high leaf Mn or Zn increased intercellular CO 2 levels.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Excessively high Mn or/and Zn concentrationse0
- Outcome
- intercellular CO 2 levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Excessively high Mn or/and Zn concentrations in the leaves reduced the fruit biomass production due to decreases in the number of fruits per plant, as well as the net assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate, but increased the intercellular CO 2 levels.”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Mn or Zn in the recirculating solution increased rapidly and stabilized.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- Mn or Zn concentrations in the recirculating nutrient solutione0
- Direction
- increased rapidlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Initially, the Mn or Zn concentrations in the recirculating nutrient solution increased rapidly but gradually stabilized to maximal levels, while the corresponding concentrations in the leaves constantly increased until the end of the experiment.”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf Mn or Zn concentrations increased through the experiment.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- concentrations in the leavese0
- Direction
- constantly increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Initially, the Mn or Zn concentrations in the recirculating nutrient solution increased rapidly but gradually stabilized to maximal levels, while the corresponding concentrations in the leaves constantly increased until the end of the experiment.”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
External Mn and Zn negatively affected uptake of Mg, Ca and Fe.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- external Mn and Zn levelse0
- Outcome
- uptake of Mg, Ca, Fee0
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The uptake of Mg, Ca, Fe, and Cu was negatively affected, while that of K and P remained unaffected by the external Mn and Zn levels.”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
External Mn and Zn negatively affected Cu uptake.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- external Mn and Zn levelse0
- Outcome
- Cue0
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The uptake of Mg, Ca, Fe, and Cu was negatively affected, while that of K and P remained unaffected by the external Mn and Zn levels.”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
K and P uptake remained unaffected by external Mn and Zn.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- external Mn and Zn levelse0
- Outcome
- K and Pe0
- Direction
- remained unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The uptake of Mg, Ca, Fe, and Cu was negatively affected, while that of K and P remained unaffected by the external Mn and Zn levels.”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined high Mn and Zn seemed to have no additive effect.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- combination of high Mn and Zne0
- Outcome
- parameters investigatede0
- Direction
- no additive effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combination of high Mn and Zn seems to have no additive effects on the parameters investigated.”
t0“cucumber”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.