Paper · 1978 · Annals of Botany

Effects of CCC on the Formation and Abortion of Flowers in the First Inflorescence of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

K. S. ABDUL; A. E. CANHAM; G. P. HARRIS

10
claims
18
verbatim quotes
17
citations
3
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Treatment of tomato plants with (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) reduced their growth in height and d. wt and increased the number of flowers formed in the first inflorescence. In plants grown at a high temperature with low light, application of CCC reduced the incidence of flower abortion in the first inflorescence. Effects of α-cyclopropyl-α-(4-methoxyphenyl)-α-(pyrimidin-5-yl)methanol (ancymidol) were similar to those of CCC while a third growth retardant, N-dimethylaminosuccinamic acid (B-9), was effective in reducing growth in height but was without apparent effect on flower number or flower abortion. An interaction occurred between CCC and GA3 such that effects of CCC on growth and flowering were reduced when GA was also applied. Yields of diffusible gibberellin-like substances from the shoot tips were markedly reduced by treating plants with CCC but were apparently not affected by treating plants with B-9. It is suggested that effects of CCC on flowering in tomato are mediated, in part at least, through changes in levels of endogenous gibberellins.

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Claims 10

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

CCC reduced the growth in height and dry weight of tomato plants.

Treatment
(2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (CCC)e1
Outcome
growth in height and d. wte1
Direction
reducede1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Treatment of tomato plants with (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) reduced their growth in height and d. wt and increased the number of flowers formed in the first inflorescence”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–190 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

CCC increased the number of flowers formed in the first inflorescence of tomato.

Treatment
(2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (CCC)e1
Outcome
number of flowers formed in the first inflorescencee1
Direction
increasede1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Treatment of tomato plants with (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) reduced their growth in height and d. wt and increased the number of flowers formed in the first inflorescence”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–190 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

CCC reduced flower abortion in the first inflorescence of tomato grown at high temperature with low light.

Treatment
application of CCCe2
Outcome
incidence of flower abortion in the first inflorescencee2
Direction
reducede2
Qualifier
plants grown at a high temperature with low lighte2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Treatment of tomato plants with (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) reduced their growth in height and d. wt and increased the number of flowers formed in the first inflorescence”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–190 · show in text ↑
e2

“In plants grown at a high temperature with low light, application of CCC reduced the incidence of flower abortion in the first inflorescence”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 192–332 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Ancymidol had effects on tomato similar to those of CCC.

Treatment
ancymidole3
Outcome
Effectse3
Direction
no_changeinferrede3
Comparator
CCCe3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Treatment of tomato plants with (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) reduced their growth in height and d. wt and increased the number of flowers formed in the first inflorescence”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–190 · show in text ↑
e3

“Effects of α-cyclopropyl-α-(4-methoxyphenyl)-α-(pyrimidin-5-yl)methanol (ancymidol) were similar to those of CCC”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 334–446 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

B-9 reduced the growth in height of tomato.

Treatment
N-dimethylaminosuccinamic acid (B-9)e5
Outcome
growth in heighte5
Direction
reducinge5

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Treatment of tomato plants with (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) reduced their growth in height and d. wt and increased the number of flowers formed in the first inflorescence”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–190 · show in text ↑
e5

“a third growth retardant, N-dimethylaminosuccinamic acid (B-9), was effective in reducing growth in height but was without apparent effect on flower number or flower abortion”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 453–627 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

B-9 had no apparent effect on flower number or flower abortion in tomato.

Treatment
N-dimethylaminosuccinamic acid (B-9)e5
Outcome
flower number or flower abortione5
Direction
no_changeinferrede5

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Treatment of tomato plants with (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) reduced their growth in height and d. wt and increased the number of flowers formed in the first inflorescence”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–190 · show in text ↑
e5

“a third growth retardant, N-dimethylaminosuccinamic acid (B-9), was effective in reducing growth in height but was without apparent effect on flower number or flower abortion”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 453–627 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Adding GA3 reduced the effects of CCC on growth and flowering of tomato.

Treatment
GA3e6
Outcome
effects of CCC on growth and floweringe6
Direction
reducede6
Comparator
CCCe6

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Treatment of tomato plants with (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) reduced their growth in height and d. wt and increased the number of flowers formed in the first inflorescence”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–190 · show in text ↑
e6

“An interaction occurred between CCC and GA3 such that effects of CCC on growth and flowering were reduced when GA was also applied”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 629–759 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

CCC markedly reduced the yields of diffusible gibberellin-like substances from tomato shoot tips.

Treatment
CCCe7
Outcome
Yields of diffusible gibberellin-like substances from the shoot tipse7
Direction
reducede7

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Treatment of tomato plants with (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) reduced their growth in height and d. wt and increased the number of flowers formed in the first inflorescence”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–190 · show in text ↑
e7

“Yields of diffusible gibberellin-like substances from the shoot tips were markedly reduced by treating plants with CCC but were apparently not affected by treating plants with B-9”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 761–940 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

B-9 did not affect the yields of diffusible gibberellin-like substances from tomato shoot tips.

Treatment
B-9e7
Outcome
Yields of diffusible gibberellin-like substances from the shoot tipse7
Direction
no_changeinferrede7

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Treatment of tomato plants with (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) reduced their growth in height and d. wt and increased the number of flowers formed in the first inflorescence”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–190 · show in text ↑
e7

“Yields of diffusible gibberellin-like substances from the shoot tips were markedly reduced by treating plants with CCC but were apparently not affected by treating plants with B-9”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 761–940 · show in text ↑
Mechanismhypothesisoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The effects of CCC on tomato flowering may be mediated, in part, through changes in endogenous gibberellin levels.

Compound
endogenous gibberellinse4
Outcome
effects of CCC on floweringe4
Qualifier
in part at leaste4

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum · TaxonKod B · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Treatment of tomato plants with (2-chloroethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) reduced their growth in height and d. wt and increased the number of flowers formed in the first inflorescence”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–190 · show in text ↑
e4

“It is suggested that effects of CCC on flowering in tomato are mediated, in part at least, through changes in levels of endogenous gibberellins”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 942–1085 · show in text ↑

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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.