Abstract
The significance of photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) and sugar feeding for the production of plants in vitro is only poorly understood. Nicotiana tabacum L. plantlets were grown photoautotrophically and photomixotrophically (3% sucrose) at two different PPFs (60 µmol m −2 s −1 and 200 µmol m −2 s −1 ) to investigate the effect of these culture parameters on photosynthetic performance and growth. Photomixotrophically‐grown plantlets showed an increase in carbohydrate content, mainly in glucose and fructose. Plant growth, dry matter accumulation and total leaf area were higher under photomixotrophic than photoautotrophic conditions. Not only biomass formation but also photosynthesis was positively affected by exogenous sucrose; the chlorophyll (Chl) content and the light‐saturated rate of photosynthetic oxygen evolution were higher in photomixotrophic plantlets. Photoinhibition occurred in plantlets that were grown photoautotrophically at the higher PPF. It became apparent as a loss in Chl content and photochemical efficiency. Photoinhibited plantlets showed a decrease in the D2/LHCII and CP47/LHCII ratios, suggesting a preferential loss of proteins from the photosystem II (PSII) core. The increased content of xanthophyll cycle pigments in photoinhibited plantlets indicated that also protective mechanisms were activated. Photomixotrophic growth of the plantlets prevented the occurrence of photoinhibitory symptoms. Therefore, we conclude that culture on sugar medium increases not only the photosynthetic potential but also the high light resistance of plantlets grown in vitro.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Photomixotrophic tobacco plantlets showed increased carbohydrate content, mainly glucose and fructose.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacum
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Treatment
- photomixotrophically (3% sucrose)e0
- Outcome
- carbohydrate contente1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Qualifier
- mainly in glucose and fructosee1
- Comparator
- photoautotrophicallye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nicotiana tabacum L. plantlets were grown photoautotrophically and photomixotrophically (3% sucrose) at two different PPFs”
e1“Photomixotrophically‐grown plantlets showed an increase in carbohydrate content, mainly in glucose and fructose”
Claim · model-written summary
Photomixotrophic growth gave higher plant growth, dry matter accumulation and total leaf area than photoautotrophic growth.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- photomixotrophice2
- Outcome
- Plant growth, dry matter accumulation and total leaf areae2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- photoautotrophice2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nicotiana tabacum L. plantlets were grown photoautotrophically and photomixotrophically (3% sucrose) at two different PPFs”
e2“Plant growth, dry matter accumulation and total leaf area were higher under photomixotrophic than photoautotrophic conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous sucrose positively affected photosynthesis of tobacco plantlets.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- exogenous sucrosee3
- Outcome
- photosynthesise3
- Direction
- positively affectede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nicotiana tabacum L. plantlets were grown photoautotrophically and photomixotrophically (3% sucrose) at two different PPFs”
e3“Not only biomass formation but also photosynthesis was positively affected by exogenous sucrose”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous sucrose positively affected biomass formation of tobacco plantlets.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- exogenous sucrosee3
- Outcome
- biomass formatione3
- Direction
- positively affectede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nicotiana tabacum L. plantlets were grown photoautotrophically and photomixotrophically (3% sucrose) at two different PPFs”
e3“Not only biomass formation but also photosynthesis was positively affected by exogenous sucrose”
Claim · model-written summary
Photomixotrophic tobacco plantlets had higher chlorophyll content than photoautotrophic plantlets.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- photomixotrophice4
- Outcome
- chlorophyll (Chl) contente4
- Direction
- highere4
- Comparator
- photoautotrophic conditionse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nicotiana tabacum L. plantlets were grown photoautotrophically and photomixotrophically (3% sucrose) at two different PPFs”
e4“the chlorophyll (Chl) content and the light‐saturated rate of photosynthetic oxygen evolution were higher in photomixotrophic plantlets”
e2“Plant growth, dry matter accumulation and total leaf area were higher under photomixotrophic than photoautotrophic conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Photomixotrophic tobacco plantlets had higher light-saturated rate of photosynthetic oxygen evolution than photoautotrophic plantlets.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- photomixotrophice4
- Outcome
- rate of photosynthetic oxygen evolutione4
- Direction
- highere4
- Comparator
- photoautotrophic conditionse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nicotiana tabacum L. plantlets were grown photoautotrophically and photomixotrophically (3% sucrose) at two different PPFs”
e4“the chlorophyll (Chl) content and the light‐saturated rate of photosynthetic oxygen evolution were higher in photomixotrophic plantlets”
e2“Plant growth, dry matter accumulation and total leaf area were higher under photomixotrophic than photoautotrophic conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Photoinhibition occurred in tobacco plantlets grown photoautotrophically at the higher PPF.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- grown photoautotrophically at the higher PPFe5
- Outcome
- Photoinhibitione5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nicotiana tabacum L. plantlets were grown photoautotrophically and photomixotrophically (3% sucrose) at two different PPFs”
e5“Photoinhibition occurred in plantlets that were grown photoautotrophically at the higher PPF”
Claim · model-written summary
Photoinhibited plantlets showed a loss in chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- grown photoautotrophically at the higher PPFe5
- Outcome
- Chl contente6
- Direction
- losse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nicotiana tabacum L. plantlets were grown photoautotrophically and photomixotrophically (3% sucrose) at two different PPFs”
e5“Photoinhibition occurred in plantlets that were grown photoautotrophically at the higher PPF”
e6“It became apparent as a loss in Chl content and photochemical efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Photoinhibited plantlets showed a loss in photochemical efficiency.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- grown photoautotrophically at the higher PPFe5
- Outcome
- photochemical efficiencye6
- Direction
- losse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nicotiana tabacum L. plantlets were grown photoautotrophically and photomixotrophically (3% sucrose) at two different PPFs”
e5“Photoinhibition occurred in plantlets that were grown photoautotrophically at the higher PPF”
e6“It became apparent as a loss in Chl content and photochemical efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Photoinhibited plantlets had increased content of xanthophyll cycle pigments.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- grown photoautotrophically at the higher PPFe5
- Outcome
- content of xanthophyll cycle pigmentse6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nicotiana tabacum L. plantlets were grown photoautotrophically and photomixotrophically (3% sucrose) at two different PPFs”
e5“Photoinhibition occurred in plantlets that were grown photoautotrophically at the higher PPF”
e6“The increased content of xanthophyll cycle pigments in photoinhibited plantlets indicated that also protective mechanisms were activated”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased xanthophyll cycle pigments indicate that protective mechanisms were activated in photoinhibited tobacco plantlets.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacume0
- Compound
- xanthophyll cycle pigmentse1
- Outcome
- protective mechanisms were activatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nicotiana tabacum L. plantlets were grown photoautotrophically and photomixotrophically (3% sucrose) at two different PPFs”
e1“The increased content of xanthophyll cycle pigments in photoinhibited plantlets indicated that also protective mechanisms were activated”
Claim · model-written summary
Photomixotrophic growth prevented photoinhibitory symptoms in tobacco plantlets.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- Photomixotrophic growthe1
- Outcome
- occurrence of photoinhibitory symptomse1
- Direction
- preventede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nicotiana tabacum L. plantlets were grown photoautotrophically and photomixotrophically (3% sucrose) at two different PPFs”
e1“Photomixotrophic growth of the plantlets prevented the occurrence of photoinhibitory symptoms”
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