Abstract
Due to chilling sensitivity, minimum night temperatures represent the main constraint in soybean production in South Africa. In vivo quantification of photosystem II (PSII) function by direct chlorophyll fluorescence revealed that dark chilling (8°) inhibited PSII function in the extreme chill sensitive genotype, Java 29 (JAs) mainly by deactivating reaction centers and inhibiting the conversion of excitation energy to electron transport and electron transfer from reduced plastoquinone to the PSI end electron acceptors. Further analysis of the normalized fast fluorescence transients, revealed that in JAs, upon dark chilling, disengagement of the oxygen evolution complex (ΔV K band) occurred which coincided with a concomitant decrease in O 2 evolution measured in vitro. The chilling resistant Maple Arrow (MAr), though one night cold stress lead to a decrease in fluorescence emission at 2 ms (− ΔV J band) indicating a decrease in the Q A − concentration due to cold-induced slow-down of electron donation from P 680 , however showed clear signs of recovery after the second and third cold nights. The moderate chill sensitive genotype, Fiskeby V (FBm) responded in a fashion intermediate to above-mentioned extremes. A second experiment showed that in JAs the inhibitory effect increased with increasing time of exposure to light following dark chilling. Our data demonstrated that significant differences exist in the cold tolerance of different soybean genotypes: (a) In respect to activity criteria, expressed by the quantum yields for primary photochemistry φ Po = TR o /ABS, for electron transport from photosystem II to photosystem I as φ Eo = ET o /ABS and the efficiency, φ Ro = RE o /ABS, to reduce the end electron acceptors of photosystem I up to NADP; (b) In respect to stability criteria, dependent on structure and conformation, such as the capability of energetic cooperativity (grouping) among photosynthetic units quantified by the grouping probability for exciton movements within the energetically connected group of entire photosynthetic units. Therefore analyzing the O-J-I-P fluorescence transient according to the JIP-test offers a practical and sensitive in vivo screening test for dark chilling tolerance in soybean.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Dark chilling inhibited PSII function in Java 29 through reaction center deactivation and impaired electron transfer.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Material
- Java 29 (JAs)e0
- Treatment
- dark chilling (8°)e0
- Outcome
- PSII functione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dark chilling (8°) inhibited PSII function in the extreme chill sensitive genotype, Java 29 (JAs) mainly by deactivating reaction centers and inhibiting the conversion of excitation energy to electron transport and electron transfer from reduced plastoquinone to the PSI end electron acceptors”
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dark chilling disengaged the oxygen evolution complex in Java 29.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- JAse0
- Treatment
- dark chillinge0
- Outcome
- disengagement of the oxygen evolution complexe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in JAs, upon dark chilling, disengagement of the oxygen evolution complex (ΔV K band) occurred”
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxygen evolution decreased in chilled Java 29.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- JAse0
- Treatment
- dark chillinge0
- Outcome
- O 2 evolutione0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in JAs, upon dark chilling, disengagement of the oxygen evolution complex (ΔV K band) occurred which coincided with a concomitant decrease in O 2 evolution measured in vitro”
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
One cold night decreased fluorescence emission at 2 ms in Maple Arrow.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Maple Arrow (MAr)e0
- Treatment
- one night cold stresse0
- Outcome
- fluorescence emission at 2 mse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The chilling resistant Maple Arrow (MAr), though one night cold stress lead to a decrease in fluorescence emission at 2 ms (− ΔV J band)”
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Maple Arrow showed recovery after the second and third cold nights.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Maple Arrowe0
- Outcome
- recoverye0
- Qualifier
- after the second and third cold nightse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The chilling resistant Maple Arrow (MAr), though one night cold stress lead to a decrease in fluorescence emission at 2 ms (− ΔV J band) indicating a decrease in the Q A − concentration due to cold-induced slow-down of electron donation from P 680 , however showed clear signs of recovery after the second and third cold nights”
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fiskeby V responded between the sensitive and resistant genotypes.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Fiskeby V (FBm)e0
- Outcome
- responded in a fashion intermediatee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The moderate chill sensitive genotype, Fiskeby V (FBm) responded in a fashion intermediate to above-mentioned extremes”
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
In Java 29, inhibition increased with longer light exposure after dark chilling.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- JAse0
- Treatment
- dark chillinge0
- Outcome
- inhibitory effecte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in JAs the inhibitory effect increased with increasing time of exposure to light following dark chilling”
t0“soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean genotypes differed significantly in cold tolerance activity and stability criteria.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- cold tolerancee0
- Direction
- differencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant differences exist in the cold tolerance of different soybean genotypes: (a) In respect to activity criteria, expressed by the quantum yields for primary photochemistry φ Po = TR o /ABS, for electron transport from photosystem II to photosystem I as φ Eo = ET o /ABS and the efficiency, φ Ro = RE o /ABS, to reduce the end electron acceptors of photosystem I up to NADP; (b) In respect to stability criteria, dependent on structure and conformation, such as the capability of energetic cooperativity (grouping) among photosynthetic units”
Claim · model-written summary
The JIP test offered a sensitive in vivo screen for dark chilling tolerance in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- screening test for dark chilling tolerancee0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“analyzing the O-J-I-P fluorescence transient according to the JIP-test offers a practical and sensitive in vivo screening test for dark chilling tolerance in soybean”
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See all 43 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.