Abstract
Foliar urea application is considered an important factor affecting phenology, growth, yield, and yield components of maize. A field experiment was conducted to study effects of urea spray on Azam variety of maize (Zea mays L.) in Mardan district of the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistan during 2005–06. The 5 × 4 factorial experiment was designed with five urea levels (U0 = control, U1 = 2, U2 = 4, U3 = 6 and U4 = 8% urea) applied to main plots and four application timings (T1 = at V9, T2 = V12, T3 = VT and T4 = R1 stages) assigned to subplots. Days to tasseling, silking, and maturity were delayed significantly when urea was applied at the rate of 6% and when applied at the V12 stage. Earlier tasseling, silking, and maturity were observed in urea control plots and in plots that received urea at the V9 stage. Plant height, leaf area, number of grains per cob and per line as well as (1000) grain weight, and grain and stover yields increased significantly up to the 6% urea level. Maize yield and yield components were higher when urea was applied at the V12 and VT stages than at the V9 and R1 stages. It is concluded that urea spray at the rate of 6% during the V12 stage would improve the grain yield and yield components of maize in the study area and contribute significantly to increased production.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Urea applied at 6% delayed days to tasseling, silking and maturity of maize.
- Material
- Azame0
- Treatment
- urea was applied at the rate of 6%e2
- Outcome
- Days to tasseling, silking, and maturitye2
- Direction
- delayede2
- Setting
- Mardan district of the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistane0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field experiment was conducted to study effects of urea spray on Azam variety of maize (Zea mays L.) in Mardan district of the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistan during 2005–06”
e2“Days to tasseling, silking, and maturity were delayed significantly when urea was applied at the rate of 6% and when applied at the V12 stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea applied at the V12 stage delayed days to tasseling, silking and maturity of maize.
- Material
- Azame0
- Treatment
- applied at the V12 stagee2
- Outcome
- Days to tasseling, silking, and maturitye2
- Direction
- delayede2
- Setting
- Mardan district of the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistane0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field experiment was conducted to study effects of urea spray on Azam variety of maize (Zea mays L.) in Mardan district of the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistan during 2005–06”
e2“Days to tasseling, silking, and maturity were delayed significantly when urea was applied at the rate of 6% and when applied at the V12 stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Tasseling, silking and maturity were earlier in urea control plots and in plots with urea at the V9 stage.
- Material
- Azame0
- Outcome
- Earlier tasseling, silking, and maturitye3
- Qualifier
- in urea control plots and in plots that received urea at the V9 stagee3
- Setting
- Mardan district of the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field experiment was conducted to study effects of urea spray on Azam variety of maize (Zea mays L.) in Mardan district of the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistan during 2005–06”
e3“Earlier tasseling, silking, and maturity were observed in urea control plots and in plots that received urea at the V9 stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea up to 6% increased plant height and leaf area of maize.
- Material
- Azame0
- Treatment
- ureae1
- Outcome
- Plant height, leaf areae4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Qualifier
- up to the 6% urea levele4
- Setting
- Mardan district of the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistane0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field experiment was conducted to study effects of urea spray on Azam variety of maize (Zea mays L.) in Mardan district of the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistan during 2005–06”
e1“five urea levels (U0 = control, U1 = 2, U2 = 4, U3 = 6 and U4 = 8% urea) applied to main plots”
e4“Plant height, leaf area, number of grains per cob and per line as well as (1000) grain weight, and grain and stover yields increased significantly up to the 6% urea level”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea up to 6% increased grain numbers per cob and per line and 1000-grain weight of maize.
- Material
- Azame0
- Treatment
- ureae1
- Outcome
- number of grains per cob and per line as well as (1000) grain weighte4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Qualifier
- up to the 6% urea levele4
- Setting
- Mardan district of the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistane0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field experiment was conducted to study effects of urea spray on Azam variety of maize (Zea mays L.) in Mardan district of the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistan during 2005–06”
e1“five urea levels (U0 = control, U1 = 2, U2 = 4, U3 = 6 and U4 = 8% urea) applied to main plots”
e4“Plant height, leaf area, number of grains per cob and per line as well as (1000) grain weight, and grain and stover yields increased significantly up to the 6% urea level”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea up to 6% increased grain and stover yields of maize.
- Material
- Azame0
- Treatment
- ureae1
- Outcome
- grain and stover yieldse4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Qualifier
- up to the 6% urea levele4
- Setting
- Mardan district of the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistane0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field experiment was conducted to study effects of urea spray on Azam variety of maize (Zea mays L.) in Mardan district of the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistan during 2005–06”
e1“five urea levels (U0 = control, U1 = 2, U2 = 4, U3 = 6 and U4 = 8% urea) applied to main plots”
e4“Plant height, leaf area, number of grains per cob and per line as well as (1000) grain weight, and grain and stover yields increased significantly up to the 6% urea level”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize yield and yield components were higher with urea at the V12 and VT stages than at the V9 and R1 stages.
- Material
- Azame0
- Treatment
- urea was applied at the V12 and VT stagese5
- Outcome
- Maize yield and yield componentse5
- Direction
- highere5
- Comparator
- at the V9 and R1 stagese5
- Setting
- Mardan district of the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field experiment was conducted to study effects of urea spray on Azam variety of maize (Zea mays L.) in Mardan district of the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistan during 2005–06”
e5“Maize yield and yield components were higher when urea was applied at the V12 and VT stages than at the V9 and R1 stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea spray at 6% during the V12 stage is recommended to improve maize grain yield and yield components.
- Treatment
- urea spray at the rate of 6% during the V12 stagee6
- Outcome
- grain yield and yield componentse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“It is concluded that urea spray at the rate of 6% during the V12 stage would improve the grain yield and yield components of maize in the study area”
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See all 2,185 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.