Abstract
Abstract The stimulatory role of 3-methyl-2 H -furo[2,3- c ]pyran-2-one, a smoke-derived butenolide, on germination and post-germination events is well documented. Previous studies have involved germinating seeds in the continuous presence of the compound. However, commercial growers cannot exploit the potential of the butenolide for large-scale production of crops due to limited availability and environmental constraints. The present study was undertaken to assess the potential of the butenolide as a priming agent of tomato ( Solanum esculentum Mill.) seeds. Flow cytometry data revealed that butenolide-primed seeds had a higher percentage of nuclei at the 4C stage than water-primed seeds. Emergence of the radicle was much faster in the primed seeds. After 36 h of imbibition, a higher percentage of the butenolide-primed seeds (22%) exhibited radicle emergence compared to the water-primed seeds (12%). While butenolide-primed seeds initially germinated more rapidly than either water-primed or unprimed seeds in a 48-h period, water-imbibed seeds reached a similar germination level as the butenolide-primed seeds by 60 h of incubation. The butenolide-primed seeds produced significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) more vigorous seedlings than water-primed seeds or seeds in the continuous presence of either water or butenolide. A gradual decrease in the seedling vigour index was recorded for both water and butenolide-primed seeds with increased seed storage at room temperature. Nevertheless, the vigour index was significantly greater in the butenolide-primed seeds than the water-primed seeds. Vigour indices were significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) higher for the butenolide-primed seeds under various stress conditions (salinity, osmoticum or temperature) compared to control or water-primed seeds. Results of the present study suggest that the butenolide is a good seed-priming agent. Additionally, primed seeds retained the promotive effect for a considerable time. This was also the case for tomato seeds under various simulated field stress conditions.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Butenolide-primed tomato seeds had a higher percentage of nuclei at the 4C stage than water-primed seeds.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- butenolide-primed seedse1
- Outcome
- percentage of nuclei at the 4C stagee1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- water-primed seedse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato seeds”
e1“Flow cytometry data revealed that butenolide-primed seeds had a higher percentage of nuclei at the 4C stage than water-primed seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Radicle emergence was faster in butenolide-primed tomato seeds.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- primed seedse2
- Outcome
- Emergence of the radiclee2
- Direction
- fastere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato seeds”
e2“Emergence of the radicle was much faster in the primed seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
After 36 h of imbibition, 22% of butenolide-primed seeds showed radicle emergence compared with 12% of water-primed seeds.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- butenolide-primed seedse3
- Outcome
- radicle emergencee3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 22%e3
- Qualifier
- After 36 h of imbibitione3
- Comparator
- water-primed seedse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato seeds”
e3“After 36 h of imbibition, a higher percentage of the butenolide-primed seeds (22%) exhibited radicle emergence compared to the water-primed seeds (12%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Butenolide-primed seeds germinated more rapidly than water-primed or unprimed seeds during the first 48 h.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- butenolide-primed seedse4
- Outcome
- germinatede4
- Direction
- more rapidlye4
- Qualifier
- in a 48-h periode4
- Comparator
- water-primed or unprimed seedse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato seeds”
e4“While butenolide-primed seeds initially germinated more rapidly than either water-primed or unprimed seeds in a 48-h period”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-imbibed seeds reached a germination level similar to butenolide-primed seeds by 60 h of incubation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- germination levele5
- Direction
- similare5
- Qualifier
- by 60 h of incubatione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato seeds”
e5“water-imbibed seeds reached a similar germination level as the butenolide-primed seeds by 60 h of incubation”
Claim · model-written summary
Butenolide-primed seeds produced significantly more vigorous seedlings than water-primed seeds.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- butenolide-primed seedse6
- Outcome
- seedlingse6
- Direction
- more vigorouse6
- Comparator
- water-primed seedse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato seeds”
e6“The butenolide-primed seeds produced significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) more vigorous seedlings than water-primed seeds or seeds in the continuous presence of either water or butenolide”
Claim · model-written summary
The seedling vigour index was significantly greater in butenolide-primed seeds than in water-primed seeds.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- butenolide-primed seedse7
- Outcome
- vigour indexe7
- Direction
- greatere7
- Comparator
- water-primed seedse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato seeds”
e7“the vigour index was significantly greater in the butenolide-primed seeds than the water-primed seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Vigour indices were significantly higher for butenolide-primed seeds than for control or water-primed seeds under salinity, osmoticum or temperature stress.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- butenolide-primed seedse1
- Outcome
- Vigour indicese1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- under various stress conditions (salinity, osmoticum or temperature)e1
- Comparator
- control or water-primed seedse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato seeds”
e1“Vigour indices were significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) higher for the butenolide-primed seeds under various stress conditions (salinity, osmoticum or temperature) compared to control or water-primed seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling vigour index decreased with longer seed storage at room temperature in both water-primed and butenolide-primed seeds.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- seed storage at room temperaturee1
- Outcome
- seedling vigour indexe1
- Direction
- decreasee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato seeds”
e1“A gradual decrease in the seedling vigour index was recorded for both water and butenolide-primed seeds with increased seed storage at room temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Butenolide is a good seed-priming agent for tomato, according to the authors.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- butenolidee1
- Outcome
- good seed-priming agente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato seeds”
e1“Results of the present study suggest that the butenolide is a good seed-priming agent”
Claim · model-written summary
Primed tomato seeds retained the promotive effect for a considerable time.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- promotive effecte1
- Qualifier
- for a considerable timee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato seeds”
e1“primed seeds retained the promotive effect for a considerable time”
The same questions in other papers
seed treatment · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
120 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 131 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.