Abstract
Abstract We evaluated 40 varieties of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench representing 27 diverse subclassification groups for tolerance to herbicides. Sorghums studied included commercial varieties from the continental United States and cultivars which have not reached the temperate zone. These sorghums were developed or originated in the USA, India, China and seven African countries. Clay soil and sand were treated with 3.2, 9.6 and 28.8 ppm of 2‐chloro‐4,6‐bis(isopropylamino,‐s‐triazine (propazine), 3‐(hexahydro‐4,7‐methanoindan‐5‐yl)‐lmethylurea (norea), 2‐tert butylamino‐4‐ethylamino‐6‐methylthio‐s‐triazine (GS‐14260), 3‐(3,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐I‐methoxy‐l‐methylurea (linuron) and 2‐chloro‐N‐isopropylacetanilide (propachlor). Herbicides differed significantly in the amount of injury caused to sorghum. The following relationships were found in order of increasing damage: propachlor, 10.5%; propazine, 35.7%; norea, 50.0%; GS‐14260, 59.5%; and linuron, 72.4%. Sorghum varieties which produced well in untreated herbicide media also produced best in herbicide‐treated media. Varieties ‘IS 7363’ and ‘PI 285042’ were consistently most tolerant regardless of herbicide. Varieties that ranked in the top 12.5% of the control were not killed by the various herbicides unless all varieties were destroyed. Response to herbicides does not appear to be inherited simply, although differences in tolerance do exist. Dry weight frequency distributions for response to each herbicide indicate near normal curves. Tolerance to herbicides was most evident in the caudatum, durra, and conspicuum groups. Herbicide tolerance was more pronounced in sorghums from equatorial Africa than from the areas where varieties have been developed through intensive breeding programs.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Propachlor caused 10.5% damage to sorghum, the least injury of the five herbicides tested.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolor
Sorghum bicolort0 - Treatment
- propachlore1
- Outcome
- damagee1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- 10.5%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench”
e1“The following relationships were found in order of increasing damage: propachlor, 10.5%; propazine, 35.7%; norea, 50.0%; GS‐14260, 59.5%; and linuron, 72.4%”
Claim · model-written summary
Propazine caused 35.7% damage to sorghum.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- propazinee1
- Outcome
- damagee1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- 35.7%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench”
e1“The following relationships were found in order of increasing damage: propachlor, 10.5%; propazine, 35.7%; norea, 50.0%; GS‐14260, 59.5%; and linuron, 72.4%”
Claim · model-written summary
Norea caused 50.0% damage to sorghum.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- noreae1
- Outcome
- damagee1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- 50.0%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench”
e1“The following relationships were found in order of increasing damage: propachlor, 10.5%; propazine, 35.7%; norea, 50.0%; GS‐14260, 59.5%; and linuron, 72.4%”
Claim · model-written summary
GS‐14260 caused 59.5% damage to sorghum.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- GS‐14260e1
- Outcome
- damagee1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- 59.5%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench”
e1“The following relationships were found in order of increasing damage: propachlor, 10.5%; propazine, 35.7%; norea, 50.0%; GS‐14260, 59.5%; and linuron, 72.4%”
Claim · model-written summary
Linuron caused 72.4% damage to sorghum, the greatest injury of the five herbicides tested.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- linurone1
- Outcome
- damagee1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- 72.4%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench”
e1“The following relationships were found in order of increasing damage: propachlor, 10.5%; propazine, 35.7%; norea, 50.0%; GS‐14260, 59.5%; and linuron, 72.4%”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides differed significantly in the amount of injury caused to sorghum.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- Herbicidese2
- Outcome
- amount of injurye2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench”
e2“Herbicides differed significantly in the amount of injury caused to sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum variety IS 7363 was consistently most tolerant regardless of herbicide.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Material
- IS 7363e3
- Outcome
- tolerante3
- Qualifier
- consistently most tolerant regardless of herbicidee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench”
e3“Varieties ‘IS 7363’ and ‘PI 285042’ were consistently most tolerant regardless of herbicide”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum variety PI 285042 was consistently most tolerant regardless of herbicide.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Material
- PI 285042e3
- Outcome
- tolerante3
- Qualifier
- consistently most tolerant regardless of herbicidee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench”
e3“Varieties ‘IS 7363’ and ‘PI 285042’ were consistently most tolerant regardless of herbicide”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum varieties ranked in the top 12.5% of the control were not killed by the various herbicides unless all varieties were destroyed.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- the various herbicidese4
- Outcome
- killede4
- Value
- 12.5%e4
- Qualifier
- unless all varieties were destroyede4
- Comparator
- the controle4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench”
e4“Varieties that ranked in the top 12.5% of the control were not killed by the various herbicides unless all varieties were destroyed”
Claim · model-written summary
Response to herbicides in sorghum does not appear to be inherited simply.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Outcome
- Response to herbicidese5
- Qualifier
- does not appear to be inherited simplye5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench”
e5“Response to herbicides does not appear to be inherited simply, although differences in tolerance do exist”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum varieties differ in herbicide tolerance.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Outcome
- differences in tolerancee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench”
e5“Response to herbicides does not appear to be inherited simply, although differences in tolerance do exist”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry weight frequency distributions for response to each herbicide in sorghum indicate near normal curves.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Outcome
- Dry weight frequency distributionse6
- Qualifier
- near normal curvese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench”
e6“Dry weight frequency distributions for response to each herbicide indicate near normal curves”
Claim · model-written summary
Tolerance to herbicides was most evident in the caudatum, durra and conspicuum sorghum groups.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Material
- caudatum, durra, and conspicuum groupse7
- Outcome
- Tolerance to herbicidese7
- Qualifier
- most evidente7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench”
e7“Tolerance to herbicides was most evident in the caudatum, durra, and conspicuum groups”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide tolerance of sorghum was more pronounced in sorghums from equatorial Africa than in areas of intensive breeding.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolort0
- Outcome
- Herbicide tolerancee2
- Direction
- more pronouncede2
- Comparator
- the areas where varieties have been developed through intensive breeding programse2
- Setting
- equatorial Africae2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench”
e2“Herbicide tolerance was more pronounced in sorghums from equatorial Africa than from the areas where varieties have been developed through intensive breeding programs”
The same questions in other papers
propachlor · pest · Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.