Abstract
Head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum is an important disease of wheat and barley. Its genome contains chromosomal regions with higher genetic variation and enriched for genes expressed in planta, suggesting a role of chromatin modification in the regulation of infection-related genes. In a previous study, the FTL1 gene was characterized as a novel virulence factor in the head blight fungus. FTL1 is homologous to yeast SIF2, which is a component of the Set3 complex. Many members of the yeast Set3 complex, including Hos2 histone deacetylase (HDAC), are conserved in F. graminearum. In this study, we characterized the HDF1 gene that is orthologous to HOS2. HDF1 physically interacted with FTL1 in yeast two-hybrid assays. Deletion of HDF1 resulted in a significant reduction in virulence and deoxynivalenol (DON) production. The Δhdf1 mutant failed to spread from the inoculation site to other parts of wheat heads or corn stalks. It was defective in sexual reproduction and significantly reduced in conidiation. Expression of HDF1 was highest in conidia in comparison with germlings and hyphae. Deletion of HDF1 also resulted in a 60% reduction in HDAC activity. Microarray analysis revealed that 149 and 253 genes were down- and upregulated, respectively, over fivefold in the Δhdf1 mutant. Consistent with upregulation of putative catalase and peroxidase genes, the Δhdf1 mutant was more tolerant to H(2)O(2) than the wild type. Deletion of the other two class II HDAC genes had no obvious effect on vegetative growth and resulted in only a minor reduction in conidiation and virulence in the Δhdf2 mutant. Overall, our results indicate that HDF1 is the major class II HDAC gene in F. graminearum. It may interact with FTL1 and function as a component in a well-conserved HDAC complex in the regulation of conidiation, DON production, and pathogenesis.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Deletion of HDF1 significantly reduced virulence and deoxynivalenol production of F. graminearum on wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Deletion of HDF1e1
- Interactor
- Fusarium graminearum
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium graminearume0pathogen - Gene
- HDF1e1
- Outcome
- virulence and deoxynivalenol (DON) productione1
- Direction
- reductione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum is an important disease of wheat and barley”
e1“Deletion of HDF1 resulted in a significant reduction in virulence and deoxynivalenol (DON) production”
Claim · model-written summary
The Δhdf1 mutant failed to spread from the inoculation site to other parts of wheat heads.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Δhdf1 mutante2
- Outcome
- spread from the inoculation sitee2
- Direction
- failede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum is an important disease of wheat and barley”
e2“The Δhdf1 mutant failed to spread from the inoculation site to other parts of wheat heads or corn stalks”
Claim · model-written summary
Conidiation of F. graminearum was significantly reduced.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- Fusarium graminearumFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- conidiatione3
- Direction
- reducede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum is an important disease of wheat and barley”
e3“It was defective in sexual reproduction and significantly reduced in conidiation”
Claim · model-written summary
Sexual reproduction of F. graminearum was defective.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- Fusarium graminearumFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- sexual reproductione3
- Qualifier
- defectivee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum is an important disease of wheat and barley”
e3“It was defective in sexual reproduction and significantly reduced in conidiation”
Claim · model-written summary
HDF1 expression was highest in conidia compared with germlings and hyphae.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- conidiae4
- Gene
- HDF1e4
- Outcome
- Expressione4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Comparator
- germlings and hyphaee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum is an important disease of wheat and barley”
e4“Expression of HDF1 was highest in conidia in comparison with germlings and hyphae”
Claim · model-written summary
Deletion of HDF1 reduced HDAC activity by 60%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Deletion of HDF1e5
- Gene
- HDF1e5
- Outcome
- HDAC activitye5
- Direction
- reductione5
- Value
- 60%e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum is an important disease of wheat and barley”
e5“Deletion of HDF1 also resulted in a 60% reduction in HDAC activity”
Claim · model-written summary
149 genes were downregulated more than fivefold in the Δhdf1 mutant.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Δhdf1 mutante6
- Outcome
- genese6
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede6
- Value
- 149e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum is an important disease of wheat and barley”
e6“Microarray analysis revealed that 149 and 253 genes were down- and upregulated, respectively, over fivefold in the Δhdf1 mutant”
Claim · model-written summary
253 genes were upregulated more than fivefold in the Δhdf1 mutant.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Δhdf1 mutante6
- Outcome
- genese6
- Direction
- increaseinferrede6
- Value
- 253e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum is an important disease of wheat and barley”
e6“Microarray analysis revealed that 149 and 253 genes were down- and upregulated, respectively, over fivefold in the Δhdf1 mutant”
Claim · model-written summary
The Δhdf1 mutant was more tolerant to H2O2 than the wild type.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Δhdf1 mutante7
- Outcome
- tolerant to H(2)O(2)e7
- Direction
- moree7
- Comparator
- wild typee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum is an important disease of wheat and barley”
e7“the Δhdf1 mutant was more tolerant to H(2)O(2) than the wild type”
Claim · model-written summary
HDF1 physically interacts with FTL1 in yeast two-hybrid assays.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- yeast two-hybrid assayse2
- Gene
- HDF1e2
- Outcome
- physically interactede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum is an important disease of wheat and barley”
e2“HDF1 physically interacted with FTL1 in yeast two-hybrid assays”
Claim · model-written summary
Deletion of the other two class II HDAC genes had no obvious effect on vegetative growth.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Deletion of the other two class II HDAC genese2
- Outcome
- vegetative growthe2
- Qualifier
- no obvious effecte2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum is an important disease of wheat and barley”
e2“Deletion of the other two class II HDAC genes had no obvious effect on vegetative growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The Δhdf2 mutant showed only a minor reduction in conidiation and virulence.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Δhdf2 mutante2
- Outcome
- conidiation and virulencee2
- Direction
- minor reductione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum is an important disease of wheat and barley”
e2“resulted in only a minor reduction in conidiation and virulence in the Δhdf2 mutant”
Claim · model-written summary
HDF1 is the major class II HDAC gene in F. graminearum.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Gene
- HDF1e2
- Outcome
- major class II HDAC genee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum is an important disease of wheat and barley”
e2“Overall, our results indicate that HDF1 is the major class II HDAC gene in F. graminearum”
Claim · model-written summary
HDF1 may interact with FTL1 in an HDAC complex regulating conidiation, DON production and pathogenesis.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Gene
- FTL1e2
- Outcome
- conidiation, DON production, and pathogenesise2
- Qualifier
- well-conserved HDAC complexe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum is an important disease of wheat and barley”
e2“It may interact with FTL1 and function as a component in a well-conserved HDAC complex in the regulation of conidiation, DON production, and pathogenesis”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · Fusarium graminearum · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
39 papers in the same direction as this paper · 21 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
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