Abstract
1. During 1959_??_1960, an experiment was conducted for examining the response of a cabbage variety (Yoshin) to seed-vernalization. 2. Seeds vernalized at 1 ± 1°C for 20 days were sown along with untreated control seeds four times at 10-day intervals from March 14 to April 13, 1959. Further on December 2, an autumn sowing was made under the same treatment scheme. 3. In the plot seeded March 14, all plants grown from vernalized seeds (V20) bolted, flowered and in September produced viable seeds, whereas only one out of ten control plants (Vo) managed to flower but never went to seeds, the remainder producing heads. In the plot seeded March 24 and April 3, neither vernalized nor control plants bolted but headed normally, yet the microscopic observation demonstrated that the flower-bud differentiation was remarkably accelerated in the vernalized plants. In the plot seeded April 13, no flower-bud differentiation was observed in the plants as a whole. In August, both of vernalized and control plants produced normal heads. In the autumn sowing, December 2, any significant difference in development was not seen with respect to vernalization treatment. In the plants grown from vernalized and control seeds initiated floral differentiation concomitantly at the beginning of February in the next year, though the further development was greatly variegated with individual plants in both lots, some of which never flowered by the end of June. 4. The cabbages (Brassica oleracea spp.) are known to have to reach a certain minimum age before they can be made to flowering by cold. In other words, they must pass a “juvenile phase” before flowering can be induced. Our present experiment, however, suggested that at least a certain of cabbage varieties is sensitive to cold even in its earliest stage of growth just after the germination. The results of our work still exhibited that the effect of seed-vernalization in itself is never sufficient for complete induction. Seed-vernalization leads to flowering only when interacting with plant-vernalization given to the plants in their growing period. So, the effect of seed-vernalization is visualized in so far as plant-vernalization has a suboptimal results owing to age of plant or to too short a cold period.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
For March 14 sowing, all vernalized plants bolted, flowered and produced viable seeds.
- Taxon
- cabbages
Brassica oleracea var. capitatat0 - Treatment
- vernalized seeds (V20)e0
- Outcome
- bolted, flowered and in September produced viable seedse0
- Setting
- March 14e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the plot seeded March 14, all plants grown from vernalized seeds (V20) bolted, flowered and in September produced viable seeds”
t0“cabbages”
Claim · model-written summary
Only one of ten March 14 control plants flowered, and none set seed.
- Taxon
- cabbagesBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Material
- control plants (Vo)e0
- Outcome
- flower but never went to seedse0
- Value
- one out of tene0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only one out of ten control plants (Vo) managed to flower but never went to seeds, the remainder producing heads”
t0“cabbages”
Claim · model-written summary
For March 24 and April 3 sowings, neither treatment bolted and both headed.
- Taxon
- cabbagesBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Outcome
- neither vernalized nor control plants bolted but headed normallye0
- Setting
- March 24 and April 3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the plot seeded March 24 and April 3, neither vernalized nor control plants bolted but headed normally”
t0“cabbages”
Claim · model-written summary
Vernalization accelerated flower-bud differentiation in the March 24 and April 3 sowings.
- Taxon
- cabbagesBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- vernalized plantse0
- Outcome
- flower-bud differentiatione0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
- Setting
- March 24 and April 3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the plot seeded March 24 and April 3, neither vernalized nor control plants bolted but headed normally, yet the microscopic observation demonstrated that the flower-bud differentiation was remarkably accelerated in the vernalized plants”
t0“cabbages”
Claim · model-written summary
No flower-bud differentiation occurred with April 13 sowing.
- Taxon
- cabbagesBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Outcome
- no flower-bud differentiatione0
- Setting
- April 13e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the plot seeded April 13, no flower-bud differentiation was observed in the plants as a whole”
t0“cabbages”
Claim · model-written summary
Both treatment groups formed normal heads in August.
- Taxon
- cabbagesBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Outcome
- produced normal headse0
- Setting
- In Auguste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In August, both of vernalized and control plants produced normal heads”
t0“cabbages”
Claim · model-written summary
Autumn sowing showed no significant developmental difference with vernalization.
- Taxon
- cabbagesBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- vernalization treatmente0
- Outcome
- developmente0
- Setting
- December 2e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the autumn sowing, December 2, any significant difference in development was not seen with respect to vernalization treatment”
t0“cabbages”
Claim · model-written summary
Autumn-sown plants from vernalized and control seeds initiated floral differentiation together in early February.
- Taxon
- cabbagesBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Organ / stage
- beginning of Februarye0
- Outcome
- initiated floral differentiation concomitantlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the plants grown from vernalized and control seeds initiated floral differentiation concomitantly at the beginning of February in the next year”
t0“cabbages”
Claim · model-written summary
Some autumn-sown plants in both groups had not flowered by late June.
- Taxon
- cabbagesBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Outcome
- never flowered by the end of Junee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“some of which never flowered by the end of June”
t0“cabbages”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that some cabbage varieties respond to cold just after germination.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Outcome
- sensitive to cold even in its earliest stage of growth just after the germinatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at least a certain of cabbage varieties is sensitive to cold even in its earliest stage of growth just after the germination”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that seed vernalization alone is insufficient for complete flowering induction.
- Taxon
- cabbagesBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Outcome
- never sufficient for complete inductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effect of seed-vernalization in itself is never sufficient for complete induction”
t0“cabbages”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that seed vernalization leads to flowering when combined with plant vernalization.
- Taxon
- cabbagesBrassica oleracea var. capitatat0
- Treatment
- Seed-vernalizatione0
- Outcome
- floweringe0
- Qualifier
- only when interacting with plant-vernalization given to the plants in their growing periode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed-vernalization leads to flowering only when interacting with plant-vernalization given to the plants in their growing period”
t0“cabbages”
The same questions in other papers
cold · growth · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.