Abstract
Abstract The effects of three levels of salinity [0, 50, and 100 mM of sodium chloride (NaCl)] and the addition of potassium, calcium, nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, manganese, and boron (K, Ca, N, P, Fe, Mn, and B) on seed germination and survival of Helianthus annuus L. plants grown in an inert medium were studied. Increasing levels of salinity significantly decreased germination percentage. The presence of NaCl affected seedling survival rather than germination. Nitrogen addition damaged seedling growth, especially in high saline conditions. Addition of some nutrients may alleviate the effects induced by NaCl. Calcium additions to the culture medium significantly improved germination percentage and seedling survival, which markedly decreased after addition of K and B under saline conditions. Iron addition, especially in the ferrous form, counteracted the effects of salinity on seed germination and seedling survival. Phosphorus addition showed detrimental effects on germination and especially in seedling survival; however, it benefited the surviving seedling's growth.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity significantly decreased sunflower germination percentage
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuus
Helianthus annuuse0 - Treatment
- Increasing levels of salinitye1
- Outcome
- germination percentagee1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Setting
- an inert mediume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed germination and survival of Helianthus annuus L. plants grown in an inert medium”
e1“Increasing levels of salinity significantly decreased germination percentage”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl affected seedling survival rather than germination
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- presence of NaCle2
- Outcome
- seedling survivale2
- Comparator
- germinatione2
- Setting
- an inert mediume0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed germination and survival of Helianthus annuus L. plants grown in an inert medium”
e2“The presence of NaCl affected seedling survival rather than germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen addition damaged sunflower seedling growth, especially under high salinity
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen additione3
- Outcome
- seedling growthe3
- Direction
- damagede3
- Qualifier
- especially in high saline conditionse3
- Setting
- an inert mediume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed germination and survival of Helianthus annuus L. plants grown in an inert medium”
e3“Nitrogen addition damaged seedling growth, especially in high saline conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Addition of some nutrients may alleviate the effects of NaCl on sunflower
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Addition of some nutrientse4
- Outcome
- effects induced by NaCle4
- Direction
- alleviatee4
- Setting
- an inert mediume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed germination and survival of Helianthus annuus L. plants grown in an inert medium”
e4“Addition of some nutrients may alleviate the effects induced by NaCl”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium additions significantly improved sunflower germination percentage and seedling survival
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Calcium additions to the culture mediume5
- Outcome
- germination percentage and seedling survivale5
- Direction
- improvede5
- Setting
- an inert mediume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed germination and survival of Helianthus annuus L. plants grown in an inert medium”
e5“Calcium additions to the culture medium significantly improved germination percentage and seedling survival”
Claim · model-written summary
Addition of K and B under saline conditions markedly reduced the calcium-associated improvement in germination and seedling survival
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- addition of K and Be6
- Outcome
- germination percentage and seedling survivale6
- Direction
- markedly decreasede6
- Qualifier
- under saline conditionse6
- Comparator
- Calcium additions to the culture mediume6
- Setting
- an inert mediume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed germination and survival of Helianthus annuus L. plants grown in an inert medium”
e6“Calcium additions to the culture medium significantly improved germination percentage and seedling survival, which markedly decreased after addition of K and B under saline conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron addition, especially in the ferrous form, counteracted the effects of salinity on sunflower germination and seedling survival
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Iron additione7
- Outcome
- effects of salinity on seed germination and seedling survivale7
- Direction
- counteractede7
- Qualifier
- especially in the ferrous forme7
- Setting
- an inert mediume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed germination and survival of Helianthus annuus L. plants grown in an inert medium”
e7“Iron addition, especially in the ferrous form, counteracted the effects of salinity on seed germination and seedling survival”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus addition had detrimental effects on sunflower germination, especially on seedling survival
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Phosphorus additione1
- Outcome
- germinatione1
- Direction
- detrimental effectse1
- Qualifier
- especially in seedling survivale1
- Setting
- an inert mediume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed germination and survival of Helianthus annuus L. plants grown in an inert medium”
e1“Phosphorus addition showed detrimental effects on germination and especially in seedling survival”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus addition benefited the growth of surviving sunflower seedlings
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Phosphorus additione1
- Outcome
- surviving seedling's growthe2
- Direction
- benefitede2
- Setting
- an inert mediume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed germination and survival of Helianthus annuus L. plants grown in an inert medium”
e1“Phosphorus addition showed detrimental effects on germination and especially in seedling survival”
e2“it benefited the surviving seedling's growth”
The same questions in other papers
calcium atom · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →iron atom · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →salinity · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results differ
46 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 53 papers →nitrogen · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results differ
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 63 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
72 papers more in this group
See all 76 papers →in vitro · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
21 papers in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- negative
32 papers more in this group
See all 36 papers →phosphorus · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
31 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
34 papers more in this group
See all 38 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.